Características del estado periodontal en gestantes del Hospital Materno Infantil San Pablo de Asunción, Paraguay

Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar las características del estado periodontal en gestantes que acudieron al Hospital Materno Infantil San Pablo (HMISP) de Asunción, Paraguay en el periodo comprendido entre diciembre del 2015 a febrero del 2016. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal a pacientes embarazadas que asistieron a su primera consulta prenatal. Se aplicó una encuesta sobre factores sociodemográficos, hábitos de higiene oral e instrucción de salud bucal por parte del personal de salud. La evaluación del estado periodontal se realizó en una hoja de registro de datos clínicos, que incluyó el índice gingival (IG) de Löe y Silness en dientes del sextante anteroinferior. Resultados: Se evaluaron a 96 pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 37 años, con una media de 23,8, desviación estándar 5,47. Se evidenció que la gingivitis predominó en las gestantes en un 85,4% (n=82). La gingivitis moderada fue la manifestación más frecuente (49%), tanto en el primer como el tercer trimestre, en tanto que la gingivitis severa se presentó en menor proporción (3,1%). Conclusiones: La gingivitis predominó en las gestantes en un 85,4%, siendo más frecuente la gingivitis moderada en un 49% según lo registrado con el IG de Löe y Silness.

Prevalencia de gingivitis y factores de riesgo en gestantes de Acapulco, Guerrero: estudio transversal

“…Other studies agree that poor oral hygiene favors the development of gingivitis. 5,14,17 The percentages of oral biofilm are similar to the presence of periodontal disease. 17 The lack of dental visits during pregnancy increases the exacerbation of biofilm and gingivitis.…”

“…Other studies report low rates of periodontal disease (range 12% to 40%); 7,12 and others high (range 80% to 90%). 9,11,14,15 According to the parameters obtained based on the index of the new classification of biofilm-associated gingivitis, we described that generalized gingivitis was the most frequent. The morbidity of gingivitis reported in other studies differs from our study because of the epidemiological indexes used.…”

“…11,16 As for age, gingival disease was frequent in the 18 to 25 years age group, equal to another. 14 One study recorded that mild bleeding based on the community periodontal index and presence of calculus occurs in pregnant women aged 20 to 24 years. 10 Erchick et al, 7 documented that gingivitis has a 3% increase in each year of age, in women with short stature and without a history of childbirth.…”

“…10,11 In Latin America it affects three quarters of pregnant women attended in hospitals. [12][13][14][15][16] A study carried out in a family medicine unit of the Mexican Social Security Institute in the city of Acapulco, found that the prevalence of biofilm and periodontal disease in pregnant women was 74% and 65%, respectively. 17 It has been found that the etiology of periodontal disease during pregnancy is multicausal.…”

“…Intervention on oral health promotion in pregnant women becomes a strategy that helps to reinforce knowledge about oral health care during this period. [19][20][21] The interest in gingival alterations is based not so much on their severity, but on their enormous prevalence in pregnant women, 9,11,14,15 being more frequent in the second, 10 and third trimester of gestation. 8,15 Given the results of studies that have found that gestation exacerbates the gingival response to oral biofilm and that relate it to periodontal disease, there is a need for health education in pregnant women.…”