Características de la conductividad hidráulica en montañas e implicancias para conceptualizar el flujo del agua subterránea en el basamento

Welch, L. A.; Allen, D. M.

doi:10.1007/s10040-014-1121-5

Cited by 108 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The complex lithologies of the Coast Ranges (dominated by marine sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks) and Sierra (predominantly granite and other plutonic rocks) (Farrar and Bertoldi, 1988;Jennings et al, 1977) are assumed to have some non-zero permeability through a depth of 500 m, and that the hydraulic properties, where permeability is the result of fractures, can be adequately represented by a block effective parameter. This conceptualization of mountain block flow systems as a fractured (or otherwise permeable) mantle overlying relatively impermeable crystalline rock is consistent with recent approaches to hydrologic simulation in such systems (Manning and Solomon, 2005;Welch and Allen, 2014). We assume the mountain block transmits water internally through local and regional topographically driven subsurface flow paths and is con-nected to the aquifers of the Central Valley through mountain front recharge and diffuse mountain block recharge (Gleeson and Manning, 2008;Wilson and Guan, 2013).…”

Section: Conceptual Modelsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Estimates of hydraulic conductivity of the mountain block (ranging from granites to continental and marine sedimentary rocks) are scarce in general, and effective regional values specific to this system are even rarer. To assess the sensitivity of lateral recharge to this uncertainty, we repeated the SJBM simulation with hydraulic conductivity for the dominant granitic portion of the Sierra mountain block (K MB ) varied over 4 orders of magnitude from 4.2 × 10 −6 to 0.042 m h −1 , covering the range of variability documented for similar mountain block systems (Welch and Allen, 2014). All other simulation inputs (i.e., atmospheric forcings) are identical across the sensitivity analysis.…”

Section: Groundwater Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mountain block hydraulic conductivity values were assigned based on the range given in published observational and modeling studies, such as those summarized by Welch and Allen (2014), for example. We assigned a vertical anisotropy factor (Kz/Kx, y) for Central Valley hydraulic conductivity according to the indicator categories in Mansoor (2009).…”

Section: Appendix B: Subsurface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining regional groundwater–surface water dynamics using an integrated hydrologic model of the San Joaquin River basin

Gilbert

Maxwell

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Widespread irrigated agriculture and a growing population depend on the complex hydrology of the San Joaquin River basin in California. The challenge of managing this complex hydrology hinges, in part, on understanding and quantifying how processes interact to support the groundwater and surface water systems. Here, we use the integrated hydrologic platform ParFlow-CLM to simulate hourly 1 km gridded hydrology over 1 year to study un-impacted groundwater-surface water dynamics in the basin. Comparisons of simulated results to observations show the model accurately captures important regional-scale partitioning of water among streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), snow, and subsurface storage. Analysis of this simulated Central Valley groundwater system reveals the seasonal cycle of recharge and discharge as well as the role of the small but temporally constant portion of groundwater recharge that comes from the mountain block. Considering uncertainty in mountain block hydraulic conductivity, model results suggest this component accounts for 7-23 % of total Central Valley recharge. A simulated surface water budget guides a hydrograph decomposition that quantifies the temporally variable contribution of local runoff, valley rim inflows, storage, and groundwater to streamflow across the Central Valley. Power spectra of hydrograph components suggest interactions with groundwater across the valley act to increase longer-term correlation in San Joaquin River outflows. Finally, model results reveal hysteresis in the relationship between basin streamflow and groundwater contributions to flow. Using hourly model results, we interpret the hysteretic cycle to be a result of dailyscale fluctuations from precipitation and ET superimposed on seasonal and basin-scale recharge and discharge.

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Section: Conceptual Modelsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Groundwater Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix B: Subsurface Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Examining regional groundwater–surface water dynamics using an integrated hydrologic model of the San Joaquin River basin

Gilbert

Maxwell

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…The general concept of flow Spring Q1 is directly connected to the second confined aquifer (5 times exaggerated cross section, location pictured in Fig. 1d) systems introduced by Toth (1999), in combination with the conceptual model of flow in mountainous fractured hard rocks described for instance by Welch and Allen (2014), was the basis for the interpretation of the measured data. Based on the findings of the study, a pumping well that provides a sufficient amount of potable water from a wellprotected groundwater body was installed at site P1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kosugi et al 2011;Salve et al 2012;Gabrielli et al 2012). Welch and Allen (2014) developed a conceptual model to describe a mountainous crystalline hard rock aquifer. They defined several layers beginning with the soil layer on the surface, underlain by a saprolite layer, a layer of fractured hard rocks, and finally the unweathered and nearly impermeable hard rock that acts as an aquitard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of various flow systems in small alpine catchments: conceptual model of the upper Gurk Valley aquifer, Carinthia, Austria

Hilberg

Riepler²

2016

Hydrogeol J

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Small alpine valleys usually show a heterogeneous hydraulic situation. Recurring landslides create temporal barriers for the surface runoff. As a result of these postglacial processes, temporal lakes form, and thus lacustrine finegrained sedimentation intercalates with alluvial coarsegrained layers. A sequence of alluvial sediments (confined and thus well protected aquifers) and lacustrine sediments (aquitards) is characteristic for such an environment. The hydrogeological situation of fractured hard-rock aquifers in the framing mountain ranges is characterized by superficially high hydraulic conductivities as the result of tectonic processes, deglaciation and postglacial weathering. Fracture permeability and high hydraulic gradients in small-scaled alpine catchments result in the interaction of various flow systems in various kinds of aquifers. Spatial restrictions and conflicts between the current land use and the requirements of drinkingwater protection represent a special challenge for water resource management in usually densely populated small alpine valleys. The presented case study describes hydrogeological investigations within the small alpine valley of the upper Gurktal (Upper Carinthia, Austria) and the adjacent H ö l l e n b e rg M a s s i f ( 1 , 7 7 2 m a b o v e s e a l e v e l ) . Hydrogeological mapping, drilling, and hydrochemical and stable isotope analyses of springs and groundwater were conducted to identify a sustainable drinking-water supply for approximately 1,500 inhabitants. The results contribute to a conceptual hydrogeological model with three interacting flow systems. The local and the intermediate flow systems are assigned to the catchment of the Höllenberg Massif, whereas the regional flow system refers to the bordering Gurktal Alps to the north and provides an appropriate drinking water reservoir.

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Using noble gas tracers to constrain a groundwater flow model with recharge elevations: A novel approach for mountainous terrain

Doyle

Gleeson

Manning

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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Environmental tracers provide information on groundwater age, recharge conditions, and flow processes which can be helpful for evaluating groundwater sustainability and vulnerability. Dissolved noble gas data have proven particularly useful in mountainous terrain because they can be used to determine recharge elevation. However, tracer-derived recharge elevations have not been utilized as calibration targets for numerical groundwater flow models. Herein, we constrain and calibrate a regional groundwater flow model with noble-gas-derived recharge elevations for the first time. Tritium and noble gas tracer results improved the site conceptual model by identifying a previously uncertain contribution of mountain block recharge from the Coast Mountains to an alluvial coastal aquifer in humid southwestern British Columbia. The revised conceptual model was integrated into a three-dimensional numerical groundwater flow model and calibrated to hydraulic head data in addition to recharge elevations estimated from noble gas recharge temperatures. Recharge elevations proved to be imperative for constraining hydraulic conductivity, recharge location, and bedrock geometry, and thus minimizing model nonuniqueness. Results indicate that 45% of recharge to the aquifer is mountain block recharge. A similar match between measured and modeled heads was achieved in a second numerical model that excludes the mountain block (no mountain block recharge), demonstrating that hydraulic head data alone are incapable of quantifying mountain block recharge. This result has significant implications for understanding and managing source water protection in recharge areas, potential effects of climate change, the overall water budget, and ultimately ensuring groundwater sustainability.

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Características de la conductividad hidráulica en montañas e implicancias para conceptualizar el flujo del agua subterránea en el basamento

Cited by 108 publications

References 93 publications

Examining regional groundwater–surface water dynamics using an integrated hydrologic model of the San Joaquin River basin

Examining regional groundwater–surface water dynamics using an integrated hydrologic model of the San Joaquin River basin

Interaction of various flow systems in small alpine catchments: conceptual model of the upper Gurk Valley aquifer, Carinthia, Austria

Using noble gas tracers to constrain a groundwater flow model with recharge elevations: A novel approach for mountainous terrain

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