Caracterisations biophysique et floristique des parcs agroforestiers a Daniellia oliveri dans la zone Soudano-Sahelienne du Cameroun

Abstract

Daniellia oliveri agroforestry exist in dry areas and play a big role for local populations. The objective of this work is to contribute to the biophysical characterization and floristic diversity in D. oliveri agroforestry parks in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. For this, an ethnobotanical study followed by an ecological study was carried out. In total, 504 farmers were interviewed in the Benoue and Mayo-Rey divisions. Plots of 144 ha have been established in agroforestry parks (cultivated, fallow). The dendrometric parameters (diameter at breast height of trees, height of trees and diameter of the canopy of individuals) were measured. The results show that inheritance is the most widely shared mode of acquisition. D. oliveri agroforestry parks are at least 30 years old. Parks provide many ecosystem services to local people. The specific richness varies from 59 species in the parks of Benoue to 62 species in the parks of Mayo-Rey. The density varies from 47.72 stems.ha -1 in cultivated parks to 353.43 stems.ha -1 in fallow parks. The Shannon index varies from 1.99 (cultivated parks) to 3.50 (fallow parks) in the Benoue area, while in the Mayo-Rey area, it varies from 2.14 (cultivated parks) to 2.72 (fallow parks). The Fabaceae and Combretaceae are the most important families with 22 and 10 species respectively. The population structure of fallow parks is "L" shaped while those of cultivated parks are "bell". In view of these different advantages provided by Daniellia oliveri agroforestry parks, it would be necessary to encourage the population to keep the parks.