Caracteres ecológicos y dendrométricos que influyen en la producción de resina en Pinus oocarpa de Michoacán, México

Abstract

El Estado de Michoacán es el primer productor de resina en el país y Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. es una de sus especies más importantes por la alta producción y calidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las características dendrométricas y productivas en relación con el clima y el suelo de 30 árboles seleccionados como superiores en producción de resina en condiciones naturales en Michoacán, México. En la zona de estudio se presentan los suelos acrisol ocrico-luvisol y luvisol crómico, dos climas (A)C(w1)(w) y Aw0(w), con temperatura media de 18 °C a 22 °C, precipitación anual entre 800 mm y 1200 mm y humedad relativa predominante de 70% a 90%. El DAP de los árboles varió de entre 31.5 cm y 89.5 cm, la altura total entre 9.0 m y 27.5 m, diámetro de copa entre 5.9 m y 14.35 m, con una producción media de resina en cinco meses de 10.67 kg. Las variables que más aportaron a la producción de resina fueron el tipo de clima, altura de fuste limpio y número de caras vivas. El suelo presentó una correlación positiva con la altura de fuste limpio (r = 0.39). Los resultados sugieren que el clima semicálido subhúmedo, los suelos de tipo luvisol crómico y la temperatura, favorecen la producción de resina en P. oocarpa, por lo que podrían usarse como indicadores en la búsqueda de árboles y zonas con buena producción para esta especie.

Prediction of Resin Production in Copal Trees (Bursera spp.) Using a Random Forest Model

“…Exploiting trees with diameters less than 20 cm may reduce their future productivity [9,56,57]. Furthermore, there is evidence that the resin yield in Pinus species is higher in trees with larger diameters as compared to those with smaller diameters [29,58]. The third most important variable was height.…”

“…A total of 3097 sampling units (SU) was estimated in the area of 30.8 ha. Within the study area (Figure 2), 100 Copal sampling units were located where their geographic coordinates were recorded, their current condition was evaluated, and their morphological variables of total height, stem diameter, and diameter of two secondary branches were measured [25,29].…”

“…current condition was evaluated, and their morphological variables of total height, stem diameter, and diameter of two secondary branches were measured [25,29]. Geographic coordinates for each tree were determined by using a global positioning device.…”

Traumatic ducts size varies genetically and is positively associated to resin yield of Pinus oocarpa open-pollinated progenies

“…The selected mother-trees are in the property of local resin tappers and were considered by them as high-yielding trees. Selected mother-tree characteristics were described in detail in Reyes-Ramos et al (2019). Seeds were collected from those trees; seedlings were grown in a forest nursery and a progeny test was established in 2011.…”

“…Previous studies by our research group, with the same open-pollinated progenies studied on this paper, have explored genetic variation in growth traits (Fabián-Plesníková et al, 2020), and resin yield of the P. oocarpa progenies' mother trees (Reyes-Ramos et al, 2019), although heritability was not assessed on the later. In addition, we quantified constitutive resin duct morphological characteristics in mother trees and their progeny, but we mostly found no evidence of significant among-families genetic variation (except for density of axial ducts) (Fabián-Plesníková et al, 2021).…”