Car seat design to improve rear-impact protection

Himmetoglu, Selcuk; Acar, Memiş; Bouazza-Marouf, Kaddour; Taylor, Andrew J.

doi:10.1177/2041299110393188

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The amount of energy absorbed by the head restraint is also associated with its thickness. During rear impact, the foam and suspension of the seatback allow the torso to displace into the seatback structure by a The energy absorber (D), which was designed in a previous study [9], consists of a nonlinear spring installed in parallel with a viscous damper; their characteristics are given in Figure 2. The energy absorber also possesses a breakaway element to prevent its activation in normal driving and for rear impacts with delta-V's lower than 10 km/h.…”

Section: Design Principles and Modelling Details Of The Seatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crash pulses SN( 16) and TR (24) are the only pulses employed in the roNCAP whiplash protocol [5] and are medium and high-severity rear-impact c pulses, respectively. The crash pulses SN(9.4), SN (13) and SN (20) are taken from r ence [9]. The crash pulses denoted by SN and TR are sinusoidal and trapezoidal in sh The crash pulses are applied along the x-axis (i.e., horizontally) of the inertial fr shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Design Principles and Modelling Details Of The Seatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This limits head motion relative to the upper torso. In the last 10 years, crash-adaptive anti-whiplash seats have been introduced that provide balanced protection across a wide range of crash severities [1,9] by using energy absorbers with varying breakaway forces/torques and damping coefficients in the recliner and under the seat pan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of a Restraint System for Rear-Facing Car Seats

Yavuz,

Himmetoglu

2023

Machines

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In self-driving vehicles, passengers can set their seats in an unconventional seating position, such as rear-facing. Sitting in such an orientation can increase the risk of whiplash in the head-and-neck system in a frontal impact, as frontal crashes usually have higher severities compared with rear-end crashes. This paper shows that a forward-facing front seat optimised for rear-impact protection needs to be redesigned to be used as a rear-facing seat. In the second and main part of this paper, a restraint system for rear-facing car seats is developed, and frontal impact simulations with 64 km/h of delta-V are used to evaluate its performance. The designed seating system comprises two rigid torso plates, a fixed recliner and an energy absorber under the seat pan. Without using the developed restraint system, the 50th percentile male human model is exposed to neck shear forces exceeding 600 N. With the developed restraint system, neck shear forces are less than 350 N in frontal impacts with 64 km/h of delta-V. Apart from whiplash, the risk of head, chest, lower extremity and lower back injuries are also evaluated. The results confirm that the developed restraint system successfully protects the occupant since all assessment criteria values are lower than the injury assessment reference values.

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Section: Design Principles and Modelling Details Of The Seatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Design Principles and Modelling Details Of The Seatmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of a Restraint System for Rear-Facing Car Seats

Yavuz,

Himmetoglu

2023

Machines

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“…A number of research results concerning the driver's neck injuries in the low speed rear collision indicates the neck injuries would be decreased by increasing the headrest stiffness and the lower seatback stiffness, and by reducing the upper seatback stiffness and the recliner rotational stiffness of the seatback [12][13][14][15][16]. Differences of the driver's neck injuries between in the late stage of the frontal collision and in the low speed rear collision lie in the effects of the headrest stiffness on the neck injuries, which are opposite, and increasing the lower seatback stiffness can reduce the neck injuries in the low speed rear collision; however, the change of the lower seatback stiffness has no obvious effect on the neck injuries in the late stage of the frontal collision.…”

Section: Discusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Driver Neck Movement and Injury in the Late Stage of Frontal Collision

Hong

Liu

Chen³

2021

Teh. vjesn.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the driver's neck movement and injuries in the late stage of frontal collision. Firstly, the simulation model of the driver restraint system was developed and validated. Secondly, the design parameters of airbag and safety belt were optimized globally in the early stage of frontal collision. Finally, the driver's neck movement state and the effects of the design parameters of driver seat on the neck injuries in the late stage of frontal collision were studied. The movement state of the driver's upper and lower neck could be divided into three phases, and the peak extension bending moments of the upper and lower neck all occur in the second phase. By reducing the headrest stiffness and the upper seatback stiffness of driver seat, the rotational stiffness of the seatback recliner of driver seat, the upper and lower neck injuries can be decreased significantly.

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“…reducing the whiplash effect for vehicle occupants is proposed by Himmetoglu, et al [8,9]. These are conceptual designs simulated dynamically by using a detailed head-neck model in conjunction with a human body model.…”

Section: Reactive Head Restraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%