Car ownership and commuting mode of the “original” residents in a high-density city center: A case study in Shanghai

Abstract

As a result of rapid urbanization and motorization in China, numerous mega-cities have emerged, and large numbers of people live and work in the city centers. Consequently, developing a public transport-oriented urban structure and promoting sustainable development are major planning strategies for the country. To understand the impact of rail transit on motorization in a high-density city center, we conduct a household travel survey in three neighborhoods around metro stations in the central area of Shanghai. We examine the car buying and commuting behavior of those Shanghai “original” residents who lived there when the city began growing, engulfing them in the center. Studies have shown that 40 percent of commuters in the city center commute outward, following a virtually reversed commute pattern, and the factors significantly affecting their car purchasing choice include their attitude toward cars and transit, household incomes, ownership of the apartments they live in, and the distance between family members’ workplaces and nearest metro stations. Despite easy access to the metro from their home in the city center, those who purchase their apartment units also likely own a car, while those who rent their apartment units are less likely to own a car; however, these odds are still higher than for those who live in an apartment unit inherited from their relatives or provided by their company. In the city center, if a family owns a car, then that car would almost certainly be used for daily commuting. A multinomial logistic model is applied to examine the factors influencing the tendency for using cars. The results show that people’s choices of commuting by alternative modes rather than cars are also shaped by their attitude toward public transportation, but other factors can also subtly change people’s commuting behavior under certain conditions. The commuting distance discourages people from walking and taking buses (but not metro). As the egress distance to the workplace increases, the metro becomes less appealing than cars. Mixed land use encourages people to walk or take buses instead of driving. Older people prefer riding buses and walking to driving, and female respondents tend to prefer walking, cycling, and riding the metro to driving compared to male respondents. These findings contribute to understanding the behavior of people who are familiar with public transportation and how to encourage them to switch from driving cars to alternative transport modes.

Exploring the Impacts of Built Environment on Commute Mode Choice: Evidence from China

“…Some sociodemographic attributes at the individual level are important explanatory factors. Consistent with previous studies [20,61], results show that gender is significantly positive with car mode. When other attributes are the same, the probability of males choosing car mode is 5.7% higher than that of females.…”

Trends, Enablers, and Barriers for Car Ownership

“…In addition, the presence of more working adults, the elderly, and training in households encourages the purchase of more vehicles ( 44 ). Some studies focus on cities where employment and commerce positions are concentrated in central regions, leading families that reside in outermost regions, like the suburbs ( 45 ), or rural areas ( 46 ), to need to acquire vehicles.…”

“…Suburban-urban movements are associated with changes in vehicle ownership, influencing vehicle use and car dependence, which may be less intense in specifically built environment contexts ( 68 ). As an example, one study found that cities, where job and commerce positions spread to suburban regions, may have lower ownership indices ( 45 ).…”

“…When it comes to parking lots, availability affects both car ownership and car use ( 55 ). Another point in focus is urban commuting ( 54 ), with the distance traveled or needed from work/residence or to access subway stations having a significant impact on the choice of car ownership or use ( 45 ).…”

Servitização Digital: Uma análise comparativa do serviço de carros por assinatura no Brasil

“…Uma tendência que influencia o futuro é a opção pelo uso efetivo em substituição à propriedade, ou seja, os consumidores podem ter acesso ao que usam diariamente, desde roupas a veículos, por meio dos serviços de assinatura (ASADI, 2020). Sobre os carros, estudos mostram que, entre outros fatores, os congestionamentos e a densidade populacional nas cidades dificultam a compra e manutenção de carros (CHEN;GE;PAN, 2021;YANG et. al., 2021).…”