Car-following: a historical review

Brackstone, Mark; McDonald, M.

doi:10.1016/s1369-8478(00)00005-x

Cited by 1,042 publications

(589 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Since the velocity itself can be obtained by looking at the speedometer, we neglect its estimation error. From empirical investigations (for an overview see [2], p. 190) it is known that the uncertainty of the estimation of ∆v is proportional to the distance, i.e., one can estimate the time-to collision (TTC) s/|∆v| with a constant uncertainty [33]. For the distance itself, we specify the estimation error in a relative way by assuming a constant variation coefficient V s of the errors.…”

Section: Imperfect Estimation Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of human driving behaviour and the differences with the automated driving implemented in most micromodels is a controversial topic in traffic science [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Finite reaction times and estimation capabilities impair the human driving performance and stability compared to automated driving, sometimes called 'adaptive cruise control' (ACC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imperfect estimation capabilities often serve as motivation or justification to introduce stochastic terms into micromodels such as the Gipps model [23] (see also [2]). Most cellular automata require fluctuating terms as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models

Treiber

Kesting

Helbing

2006

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

471

269

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We generalize a wide class of time-continuous microscopic traffic models to include essential aspects of driver behaviour not captured by these models. Specifically, we consider (i) finite reaction times, (ii) estimation errors, (iii) looking several vehicles ahead (spatial anticipation), and (iv) temporal anticipation. The estimation errors are modelled as stochastic Wiener processes and lead to time-correlated fluctuations of the acceleration.We show that the destabilizing effects of reaction times and estimation errors can essentially be compensated for by spatial and temporal anticipation, that is, the combination of stabilizing and destabilizing effects results in the same qualitative macroscopic dynamics as that of the respectively underlying simple car-following model. In many cases, this justifies the use of simplified, physics-oriented models with a few parameters only. Although the qualitative dynamics is unchanged, multianticipation increase both spatial and temporal scales of stop-and-go waves and other complex patterns of congested traffic in agreement with real traffic data. Remarkably, the anticipation allows accident-free smooth driving in complex traffic situations even if reaction times exceed typical time headways.

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Section: Imperfect Estimation Capabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models

Treiber

Kesting

Helbing

2006

Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications

471

269

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…One is developed from the viewpoint of traffic engineering and the other is based on statistical physics. From the perspective of traffic engineers (Brackstone and McDonald, 1999), car-following models can be classified as stimulus-response models (Gazis et al, 1961;Newell, 1961), safety distance models (Gipps, 1981), psychophysical models (Wiedemann, 1974), and artificial intelligence models (Kikuchi and Chakroborty, 1992;Wu et al, 2000).…”

Section: Basic Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for the Assessment of Performance Indication Measures at Amakom Intersection and Their Application in Micro Simulation Modeling

Nyantakyi

Owusu²,

Borkloe³

2014

IJTTE

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Signalized intersections are vital nodal points in a transportation network and their efficiency of operation greatly influences the entire network's performance. Traffic simulation models have been widely used in both transportation operations and traffic analyses because simulation is safer, less expensive, and faster than field implementation and testing. This study assessed performance indication measures at Amakom intersection using micro simulation models in Synchro/SimTraffic. Traffic, geometric and signal control data including key parameters with greatest impact on the calibration process were collected on the field. At 5% significant level, the Chi square test and t-test analyses revealed that headway had a strong correlation with saturation flow compared to speed for both field and simulated conditions. It was concluded that changes in phasing plan with geometric improvement would improve upon the intersection's level of service.

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“…Car-following models, which describe the processes by which drivers follow each other in the traffic stream, have been the fundamental and pivotal issue in the modern traffic flow theory [1]. If the vehicle does not maintain a proper distance from the leading vehicle during the car-following process, it may result in a traffic collision [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extended car-following model considering the influence of bus

Shen

Qiu

et al. 2017

Teh. vjesn.

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Original scientific paper In order to describe car-following behaviour of traffic flow which is composed of buses and passenger cars on freeway, an extended car-following model is proposed for single lane traffic in this paper. The proposed model discriminates four types of car-bus following combination, car-following-bus, busfollowing-bus, bus-following-car and car-following-car. The four combinations are considered in terms of following distance, following speed and following acceleration/deceleration. The proposed methodology is demonstrated using data collected from the combination of microwave radar detector and roadside laser detector on Xuanwu Avenue in the main urban area of Nanjing. Besides, the field data is divided into two data sets, one used for the training of the model, and the other for evaluation purpose. Gazis model and Edie model, the two most extensively used car-following models, are calibrated against the same training data sets and used as a reference benchmark. Finally, the performance of the model, proposed by this paper, was compared with the two classic models based on the evaluation data sets. The results show that buses have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. With the influence of buses in the car-following process, it could lead to uneven distribution of traffic flow on the lanes and become the main reason for traffic highway capacity decline. The model, proposed in this paper, is more accurate and stable when predicting acceleration/deceleration of different vehicles during car-following. It has better superiority to describe the car-following behaviours under the influence of bus on freeway. Keywords: bus; car-following model; model calibration; stimulus-response process; traffic flow Prošireni model kolone vozila koji uzima u obzir utjecaj autobusaIzvorni znanstveni članak Kako bi se opisalo ponašanje prometa kolone vozila, koja se sastoji od autobusa i osobnih automobila na autocesti, u ovom članku je predložen prošireni model kolone vozila za promet u jednoj traci. Predloženi model razlikuje četiri vrste kombinacija kolona automobil-autobus, automobil-nakon-autobusa, autobus-nakon-autobusa, autobus-nakon-automobila i automobil-nakon-automobila. Četiri kombinacije uzimaju u obzir udaljenost, brzinu i ubrzavanje/usporavanje kolone. Predložena metodologija je prikazana uporabom podataka prikupljenih kombinacijom mikrovalnog radarskog detektora i cestovnog laserskog detektora na aveniji Xuanwu u glavnom urbanom području Nanjinga. Osim toga, podaci o terenu podijeljeni su u dva seta podataka, jedan se koristi za uvježbavanje modela, a drugi je za ocjenu. Gazis model i Edie model, dva najčešće korištena modela kolone vozila, kalibrirani su prema istim skupovima podataka za vježbu, a koriste se kao referentna vrijednost. Konačno, izvedba modela, predložena ovim radom, uspoređena je s dva klasična modela na temelju evaluacijskih skupova podataka. Rezultati pokazuju da autobusi imaju različite karakteristike i manevriranost u usporedbi s osobnim ...

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Car-following: a historical review

Cited by 1,042 publications

References 17 publications

Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models

Delays, inaccuracies and anticipation in microscopic traffic models

Methods for the Assessment of Performance Indication Measures at Amakom Intersection and Their Application in Micro Simulation Modeling

An extended car-following model considering the influence of bus

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