Car accidents as a method of suicide: A comprehensive overview

Pompili, Maurizio; Serafini, Gianluca; Innamorati, Marco; Montebovi, Franco; Palermo, Mario; Campi, Sandra; Stefani, Henry; Giordano, Gloria; Telesforo, Ludovica; Amore, Mario; Girardi, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.04.012

Cited by 90 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The number of fatalities was different in the two registration sources; this could be due to the fact that presumed suicides and sudden diseases before the crash (e.g. stroke) are excluded from the police records (see Pompili et al, 2012). The missing registration of fatalities at the emergency room could be because road users who have died in a road crash are taken directly to the mortuary and therefore do not get registered in the emergency room.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding traffic crash under-reporting: Linking police and medical records to individual and crash characteristics

Janstrup

Kaplan

Hels

et al. 2016

Traffic Injury Prevention

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While national crash databases are a valuable resource for the analysis of crash frequency and severity, these databases consist of police reports that are known to be heavily under-reported. This study aligns to the body of research dedicated to estimating the under-reporting rate of crashes by employing the capture-recapture method on available medical and police records. Data consist of records of road users who reported their involvement in a road crash to the police or emergency rooms on the island of Funen in Denmark between 2003 and 2007. Moreover, this study estimates the likelihood for road users reported in police records to appear in hospital records (and vice versa) by estimating joint binary logit models. Results show that the likelihood of appearing in both datasets is positively related to helmet and seat-belt use, number of motor vehicles involved, alcohol involvement, higher speeds and lane number, and females injured. Marital status and education level are not found to be associated with the probability of reporting both to the hospital and the police.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding traffic crash under-reporting: Linking police and medical records to individual and crash characteristics

Janstrup

Kaplan

Hels

et al. 2016

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…Unmeasured biases could be present in the interpretation of Army regulations for LOD/NLOD determinations that affect survivor benefits, use of administrative data may contain data entry or reporting errors, and AFMETS cause of death could be subject to some misclassification. 34,35 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Accident Death in the U.S. Army, 2004−2009

Lewandowski‐Romps

Peterson

Berglund

et al. 2014

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Background Accidents are one of the leading causes of death among U.S. active duty Army soldiers. Evidence-based approaches to injury prevention could be strengthened by adding person-level characteristics (e.g., demographics) to risk models tested on diverse soldier samples studied over time. Purpose To identify person-level risk indicators of accident deaths in Regular Army soldiers during a time frame of intense military operations, and to discriminate risk of not-line-of-duty (NLOD) from line-of-duty (LOD) accident deaths. Methods Administrative data acquired from multiple Army/Department of Defense sources for active duty Army soldiers during 2004–2009 were analyzed in 2013. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify person-level sociodemographic, service-related, occupational, and mental health predictors of accident deaths. Results Delayed rank progression or demotion and being male, unmarried, in a combat arms specialty, and of low rank/service length increased odds of accident death for enlisted soldiers. Unique to officers was high risk associated with aviation specialties. Accident death risk decreased over time for currently deployed, enlisted soldiers while increasing for those never deployed. Mental health diagnosis was associated with risk only for previous and never-deployed, enlisted soldiers. Models did not discriminate NLOD from LOD accident deaths. Conclusions Adding more refined person-level and situational risk indicators to current models could enhance understanding of accident death risk specific to soldier rank and deployment status. Stable predictors could help identify high risk of accident deaths in future cohorts of Regular Army soldiers.

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“…This finding is supported by a study showing that men are more likely to have elevated blood alcohol levels at the time of completed suicide (6). Furthermore, over 2% of traffic accidents are classified as road traffic suicides, of which are committed to around 90% by men, and AUDs are regarded as important risk factor (7, 8). Some consider AUDs and suicidal behavior to be dysfunctional coping mechanism products of depression (9), while others with supporting longitudinal data show instead a more complex bidirectional relationship between depression and AUDs (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroendocrinology of a Male-Specific Pattern for Depression Linked to Alcohol Use Disorder and Suicidal Behavior

et al. 2017

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Epidemiological studies show low rates of diagnosed depression in men compared to women. At the same time, high rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and completed suicide are found among men. These data suggest that a male-specific pattern for depression may exist that is linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. To date, no underlying neuroendocrine model for this specific pattern of male depression has been suggested. In this paper, we integrate findings related to this specific pattern of depression with underlying steroid secretion patterns, polymorphisms, and methylation profiles of key genes in order to detail an original neuroendocrine model of male-specific depression. Low circulating levels of sex steroids seem to increase the vulnerability for male depression, while concomitant high levels of glucocorticoids further intensify this vulnerability. Interactions of hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis-related hormones seem to be highly relevant for a male-specific pattern of depression linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. Moreover, genetic variants and the epigenetic profiles of the androgen receptor gene, well-known depression related genes, and HPA axis-related genes were shown to further interact with men’s steroid secretion and thus may further contribute to the proposed male-specific pattern for depression. This mini-review points out the multilevel interactions between the HPG and HPA axis for a male-specific pattern of depression linked to AUDs and suicidal behavior. An integration of multilevel interactions within the three-hit concept of vulnerability and resilience concludes the review.

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Car accidents as a method of suicide: A comprehensive overview

Cited by 90 publications

References 49 publications

Understanding traffic crash under-reporting: Linking police and medical records to individual and crash characteristics

Understanding traffic crash under-reporting: Linking police and medical records to individual and crash characteristics

Risk Factors for Accident Death in the U.S. Army, 2004−2009

Neuroendocrinology of a Male-Specific Pattern for Depression Linked to Alcohol Use Disorder and Suicidal Behavior

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