“…For state-trait SEMs, an important avenue for future research is therefore to allow for random loadings, autoregressive effects, or residual variances, which can be done by extending the models within the DSEM framework (Asparouhov et al, 2017(Asparouhov et al, , 2018. Alternatively, some authors have suggested a more bottom up approach (Adolf, Voelkle, Brose, & Schmiedek, 2017;Molenaar, 2004;Ram, Brinberg, Pincus, & Conroy, 2017), where each single-subject time series is first analyzed before pooling out results for the sample.…”