Capture of attention by target-similar cues during dual-color search reflects reactive control among top-down selected attentional control settings

Büsel, Christian; Pomper, Ulrich; Ansorge, Ulrich

doi:10.3758/s13423-018-1543-5

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In visual search experiments, when targets are usually not rendered invisible by CFS, the participants' performance can also be hampered by the need to search for more than one target color in parallel [48][49][50]. Something similar seems to manifest in the present data, where specifying a single target color increased performance.…”

Section: The Top-down Effect Of Task Relevance On Breakthrough Timessupporting

confidence: 57%

Color Can Shorten Breakthrough Times in Continuous Flash Suppression through Increased Salience and Task Relevance

Valuch

2021

Vision

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Color can enhance the perception of relevant stimuli by increasing their salience and guiding visual search towards stimuli that match a task-relevant color. Using Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), the current study investigated whether color facilitates the discrimination of targets that are difficult to perceive due to interocular suppression. Gabor patterns of two or four cycles per degree (cpd) were shown as targets to the non-dominant eye of human participants. CFS masks were presented at a rate of 10 Hz to the dominant eye, and participants had the task to report the target’s orientation as soon as they could discriminate it. The 2-cpd targets were robustly suppressed and resulted in much longer response times compared to 4-cpd targets. Moreover, only for 2-cpd targets, two color-related effects were evident. First, in trials where targets and CFS masks had different colors, targets were reported faster than in trials where targets and CFS masks had the same color. Second, targets with a known color, either cyan or yellow, were reported earlier than targets whose color was randomly cyan or yellow. The results suggest that the targets’ entry to consciousness may have been speeded by color-mediated effects relating to increased (bottom-up) salience and (top-down) task relevance.

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Section: The Top-down Effect Of Task Relevance On Breakthrough Timessupporting

confidence: 57%

Color Can Shorten Breakthrough Times in Continuous Flash Suppression through Increased Salience and Task Relevance

Valuch

2021

Vision

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“…Inhibition would be a detrimental strategy, because the corresponding colors were realized in the target. Second, there are alternative explanations for the relative slowing of the response times with taskirrelevant cues: (1) Responses with task-relevant colors could simply have been faster because, in a subset of trials, valid cues speeded responding; (2) in the case of a task-relevant feature cue, the cue could have primed the corresponding search setting (e.g., Büsel, Pomper, & Ansorge, 2018;Irons et al, 2012; see also Moore & Weissman, 2010), so that responding to the target was faster when the target was similar to a previously presented cue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 It is unlikely that the priming from cue to target within a given trial directly accounts for a spatial validity effect, because this form of priming is likely not location-specific (cf. Büsel, Pomper, & Ansorge, 2018;Irons et al, 2012); priming of the target features by a matching cue might, however, contribute to a cumulative effect of priming, especially over several immediately succeeding valid trials. and in a target.…”

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confidence: 99%

Testing a priming account of the contingent-capture effect

Schoeberl

Goller

Ansorge

2019

Atten Percept Psychophys

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In the contingent-capture protocol, singleton cues that have a target's searched-for feature capture attention, but cues that do not have the target's searched-for feature do not, a result labeled the contingent-capture effect. The contingent-capture effect is usually regarded as evidence for the observers' ability to establish search settings for certain nonspatial features in a top-down manner. However, in recent years it has become increasingly clear that selection history is also a powerful mediator of attentional capture. In this vein, it has been suggested that contingent-capture effects could emerge as a result of (intertrial) priming: The idea is that features that have been encountered previously in the target are primed, so that cues that have these features automatically capture attention in a subsequent encounter. Here we tested a strong version of the priming account of the contingent-capture effect. We wanted to know whether cues that had target features would capture attention when the corresponding features were not part of the instructions (i.e., when the corresponding features were task-irrelevant). The results suggested that a strong version of the priming account of contingent capture is not supported. In five experiments, we found little evidence that the contingentcapture effect could be explained by (intertrial) priming of task-irrelevant features alone. These results show that processes beyond priming through task-irrelevant features are critical for contingent-capture effects.

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“…One reason could be that it is simply more demanding to search for two features rather than only for one feature. In line with this assumption, relative to searching for one feature, searching for two features can delay target-search performance in contingent-capture experiments (e.g., Büsel, Pomper, & Ansorge, 2019;Kerzel & Witzel, 2019). Searching for two features can also create a shift cost every time the color of the target changes from one trial to the next (Büsel et al, 2019;Irons et al, 2012;Kerzel & Witzel, 2019; but see, e.g., Bahle, Thayer, Mordkoff, & Hollingworth, 2020).…”

Section: Implications For Top-down Task Sets For Relevant Featuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Testing the top‐down contingent capture of attention for abrupt‐onset cues: Evidence from cue‐elicited N2pc

2020

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Many studies using N2pc as a marker of attentional capture have demonstrated topdown contingent capture for salient color singletons: Among all salient cues that are not predictive of the target location, only cues similar to searched-for target features, and thus, matching to the top-down attentional control settings capture attention. This is reflected in matching cue's elicitation of an N2pc and a cueing effect in behavior, and the absence of the corresponding effects for non-matching cues (with features dissimilar to that of the searched-for targets). Yet, with abrupt-onset cues, corresponding evidence is missing, inviting speculations about the potential of abrupt-onset cues to capture attention followed by quick suppression within the target displays. Here, we used two types of abrupt-onset cues to test if capture by such cues also adheres to the contingent-capture principle: matching abrupt-onset cues with a color similar to the top-down control settings and non-matching abruptonset cues with a color different from all searched-for targets. With the help of these cues, top-down contingent capture was supported. Only matching abrupt-onset cues elicited an N2pc and a behavioral cueing effect. Depending on the exact side conditions, non-matching cues either elicited no N2pc or a P D (i.e., evidence of active suppression). Results are discussed against the background of competing theories on attention capture by abrupt-onset cues.

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Capture of attention by target-similar cues during dual-color search reflects reactive control among top-down selected attentional control settings

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Color Can Shorten Breakthrough Times in Continuous Flash Suppression through Increased Salience and Task Relevance

Color Can Shorten Breakthrough Times in Continuous Flash Suppression through Increased Salience and Task Relevance

Testing a priming account of the contingent-capture effect

Testing the top‐down contingent capture of attention for abrupt‐onset cues: Evidence from cue‐elicited N2pc

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