Capsular Serotype–Specific Attack Rates and Duration of Carriage of<i>Streptococcus</i><i>pneumoniae</i>in a Population of Children

Sleeman, Karen; Griffiths, David; Shackley, Fiona; Diggle, Linda; Gupta, Sunetra; Maiden, Martin C. J.; Moxon, E. Richard; Crook, Derrick W.; Peto, Tim E. A.

doi:10.1086/505710

Cited by 241 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Examination of additional isolates is necessary before making this conclusion, because all isolates examined in this study are from invasive disease, and we cannot dismiss that 20A can occur predominantly in NP colonization. Analogous differences in occurrence rates among carriage and invasive disease isolates have been reported in the wcjE-associated serotype pairs 11A/11E (26) and 9A/9V (27). Furthermore, it is possible that the occurrence of 20A changed because of naturally occurring or vaccine-induced shifts in serotype prevalence.…”

Section: Discovery Of S Pneumoniae Serotypes 20a and 20bmentioning

confidence: 67%

Biochemical, Genetic, and Serological Characterization of Two Capsule Subtypes among Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 20 Strains

Calix

Porambo

Brady

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

132

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Section: Discovery Of S Pneumoniae Serotypes 20a and 20bmentioning

confidence: 67%

Biochemical, Genetic, and Serological Characterization of Two Capsule Subtypes among Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 20 Strains

Calix

Porambo

Brady

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

132

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“…Highly invasive serotypes of S. pneumoniae were considered serotypes with an estimated attack rate of .20, based on a previous report that included serotypes 1, 4, 5, 9V, 12 F and 14 [23].…”

Section: Variable Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotype-specific pneumococcal disease may be influenced by mannose-binding lectin deficiency

Vallès¹,

Roca²,

Lozano³

et al. 2010

European Respiratory Journal

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Previous studies of the association between the mannose-binding lectin pathway deficiencies and invasive pneumococcal disease are inconclusive. Invasiveness of Streptococcus pneumoniae is dependent on serotype. We aimed to determine the association between invasive pneumococcal disease and MBL2 and MASP2 genetic variants, regarding serotype distribution.A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in children admitted to hospital in rural Mozambique in June 2002-November 2003. The study included children admitted to hospital with invasive pneumococcal disease, in whom S. pneumoniae was isolated from blood and subsequently serotyped. Sequence-based typing analysis of amplicons covering the polymorphic regions of MASP2 (exon 3) and MBL2 (promoter and exon 1) was performed.An overall high frequency of MBL2 genotypes associated with low serum levels of MBL (43%) was found. Carriers of MBL-deficient genotypes were associated with invasive pneumococcal disease produced by low-invasive serotypes (OR 5.55, p50.01).Our data suggest that susceptibility to pneumococcal disease among MBL-deficient patients may be influenced by serotype invasiveness. Type-specific capsular serotype of S. pneumoniae would need to be taken into account in further genetic association studies of invasive pneumococcal disease.

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“…Colonization rates of S. pneumoniae are high, especially in children where up to 55 per cent of children age six months to 3 years are colonized [3,4]. Carriage duration of isolates ranges from days to months [5,6]. Successful colonization requires competing for resources and space with resident micro-organisms [7,8] as well as evading the host immune response [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differential responses between serotypes to the selection pressure of the innate immune response can be mediated by mucus clearance [19], neutrophils extracellular traps [20] and non-opsonic phagocytosis [12]. The capsule seems to have a prominent role in evading the host immune system, and it is thus probable that success of colonization is partly dependent on serotype [1,3,5,6,10,11]. The capsule prevents clearance from the adaptive immune system by inhibiting complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility to human antimicrobial peptides may mediate intraspecific competition

2012

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a facultative pathogen inhabiting the nasopharynx of humans where it is exposed to a range of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immune response. It is possible therefore that the susceptibility of strains to AMPs plays a role in determining their ability to colonize, and furthermore, that AMPs could mediate competitive interactions between co-colonizing genotypes. However, little is known about patterns of natural variation in AMP susceptibility of S. pneumoniae, and it is unclear whether the susceptibilities of an isolate to multiple human AMPs are correlated. We tested this by characterizing the susceptibility of 31 S. pneumoniae natural isolates to human neutrophil peptide (HNP-1) (a-defensin) and LL-37 (cathelicidin). We observed significant variation in susceptibility between isolates to both AMPs, and in the majority of isolates, susceptibilities to HNP-1 and LL-37 were uncorrelated. Clinical isolates were more susceptible to AMPs than were carriage isolates. The polysaccharide capsule of S. pneumoniae is thought to protect cells against AMPs. However, serotype alone could not explain the observed variation in susceptibility suggesting that genetic background plays an equally important role. We tested directly whether AMPs could mediate competition between isolates using competition experiments in the presence and absence of AMPs. These experiments demonstrated that AMPs could indeed reverse the outcome of competition between selected isolates. AMP-mediated competition could therefore contribute to the maintenance of intraspecific genetic diversity in S. pneumoniae.

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Capsular Serotype–Specific Attack Rates and Duration of Carriage ofStreptococcuspneumoniaein a Population of Children

Cited by 241 publications

References 14 publications

Biochemical, Genetic, and Serological Characterization of Two Capsule Subtypes among Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 20 Strains

Biochemical, Genetic, and Serological Characterization of Two Capsule Subtypes among Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 20 Strains

Serotype-specific pneumococcal disease may be influenced by mannose-binding lectin deficiency

Variation in Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptibility to human antimicrobial peptides may mediate intraspecific competition

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