Capsanthin, a Plant-Derived Xanthophyll: a Review of Pharmacology and Delivery Strategies

Kennedy, Leenet Edward; Abraham, Annie; Kulkarni, Gunjan; Shettigar, Navya; Dave, Tanika; Kulkarni, Madhur

doi:10.1208/s12249-021-02065-z

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Carotenoids have various biological roles that contribute to their preventive and therapeutic effects, including anticancer, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects [ 40 , 41 , 42 ]. Capsanthin is a lipophilic red pigment responsible for the red pigmentation of paprika fruits ( Capsicum annuum L.) and belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Among other carotenoids, capsanthin is one of the most powerful antioxidants, able to scavenge radicals due to its structural characteristics [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carotenoids are the most widely distributed pigments in nature, found in a variety of fruits and vegetables [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Among carotenoids, capsanthin is a lipophilic red pigment responsible for the red pigmentation of paprika fruits ( Capsicum annuum L.) [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Capsanthin belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among carotenoids, capsanthin is a lipophilic red pigment responsible for the red pigmentation of paprika fruits ( Capsicum annuum L.) [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Capsanthin belongs to the xanthophyll class of carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin [ 22 ]. Xanthophyllic carotenoids have been reported for their ability to improve eye functionality [ 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capsanthin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Vascular Inflammation in ApoE−/− Mice

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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Capsanthin is a red pigment and the major carotenoid component of red paprika (Capsicum annuum L.). However, its role in atherosclerosis is yet to be fully elucidated. This study investigated the role of dietary capsanthin in vascular inflammation in atherosclerotic mice. We evaluated the anti-atherosclerotic effects of daily oral administration of capsanthin (0.5 mg/kg of body weight/day) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice fed a Western-type diet (WD). Capsanthin treatment inhibited vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression and nuclear factor-κB ser536 phosphorylation in tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cultured endothelial cells. Dietary capsanthin significantly inhibited the WD-induced elevation in the plasma levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride in mice. Interestingly, capsanthin reduced aortic plaque formation and VCAM-1 expression, which is vascular inflammation, in atherosclerotic mice. In addition, the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, a systemic inflammatory marker, was inhibited in capsanthin-treated mice. Furthermore, capsanthin significantly reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, in the plasma of atherosclerotic mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that dietary capsanthin plays a protective role against atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice. This protective effect could be attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of capsanthin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Capsanthin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Vascular Inflammation in ApoE−/− Mice

Kim

Lee

et al. 2022

Biomedicines

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“…Capsicum fruits are a rich sources of capsanthin, a xanthophyll class of carotenoids, which showed inhibitory activity against N‐methylnitrosourea‐induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats. Capsicum fruits extract containing 2 ppm capsanthin reduced the incidence of N ‐methylnitrosourea‐induced colon cancer by 40% (Kennedy et al, 2021). Capsaicinoids and capsaicin mimetics capsanthin and related carotenoids like capsorubin diester, capsanthin 3′‐ester, capsanthin 3,3′‐diester, and capsanthin 3,6‐epoxide in the fruit extract showed potential in vitro antitumor‐promoting activity (Batiha et al, 2020).…”

Section: Pharmacological Activities Of C Annuum and Its Active Consti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsicum annuum L. and its bioactive constituents: A critical review of a traditional culinary spice in terms of its modern pharmacological potentials with toxicological issues

Mandal¹,

Rath

Logesh

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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Capsicum annuum L., commonly known as chili pepper, is used as an important spice globally and as a crude drug in many traditional medicine systems. The fruits of C. annuum have been used as a tonic, antiseptic, and stimulating agent, to treat dyspepsia, appetites, and flatulence, and to improve digestion and circulation. The article aims to critically review the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of C. annuum and its major compounds. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and some carotenoids are reported as the major active compounds with several pharmacological potentials especially as anticancer and cardioprotectant. The anticancer effect of capsaicinoids is mainly mediated through mechanisms involving the interaction of Ca2+‐dependent activation of the MAPK pathway, suppression of NOX‐dependent reactive oxygen species generation, and p53‐mediated activation of mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells. Similarly, the cardioprotective effects of capsaicinoids are mediated through their interaction with cellular transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 channel, and restoration of calcitonin gene‐related peptide via Ca2+‐dependent release of neuropeptides and suppression of bradykinin. In conclusion, this comprehensive review presents detailed information about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of major bioactive principles of C. annuum with special emphasis on anticancer, cardioprotective effects, and plausible toxic adversities along with food safety.

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“…The unique chemical structure of capsanthin contains 11 conjugated double bonds with a keto group responsible for its singlet oxygen quenching ability and strong radical scavenging. The other important features of capsanthin are photo‐protective, anti‐tumor, chemopreventive, anti‐obesity, and anti‐adipogenic (Kennedy et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsanthin fromCapsicum annumfruits exerts anti‐glaucoma, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory activity, and corneal pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression in a benzalkonium chloride‐induced rat dry eye model

Shanmugham

Ravi

2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a complex ocular surface inflammatory disease. Its occurrence varies widely over the world, ranging from 5% to 34%. The use of preservatives, specifically benzalkonium chloride, in the ocular drops worsens the DED conditions. Furthermore, the Covid‐19 pandemic increased screen time and the use of face masks and shields. As a result, the number of people suffering from dry eye disease (DED) has increased significantly in recent years. The main objective of our study is to find a solution to manage the dry eye disease (DED) preferably from natural source without any adverse events. In this study, the beneficial effects of capsanthin from Capsicum annum (CCA) were evaluated on benzalkonium chloride (BAC)‐induced dry eye disease (DED) in Albino Wistar rats. Oral supplementation of CCA resulted in a statistically significant decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) (p < .0001), increase in tear break‐up time (TBUT) (p < .01), decline in Schirmer test results (p < .01), and decrease in corneal surface inflammation (p < .01). Capsanthin ameliorated in reducing oxidative stress by increasing serum antioxidant levels such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX), nitric oxide (NO), and lactoferrin (LTF) and inhibiting matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9) (p < .0001). Capsanthin treatment significantly inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukins (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6), and pro‐inflammatory mediator, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9). Furthermore, the lacrimal gland expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM‐1), and prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) was suppressed by CCA treatment. Practical applications Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a preservative widely used in the topical ocular drug delivery system (ODDS), causes undesirable effects such as dry eye disease as well as ameliorating intraocular pressure leading to optical nerve damage and irreversible vision loss. Capsanthin from Capsicum annum (CCA) can be used to treat symptoms related to dry eye disease such as inflammation, eye irritation, visual disturbance, ocular discomfort with potential damage to the ocular surface. The CCA may be beneficial in the treatment of glaucoma, an elevated intraocular pressure. Capsanthin from C. annum can be useful in managing DED by increasing tear break‐up time (TBUT), declining in Schirmer test results and decreasing in corneal surface inflammation.

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Capsanthin, a Plant-Derived Xanthophyll: a Review of Pharmacology and Delivery Strategies

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Capsanthin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Vascular Inflammation in ApoE−/− Mice

Capsanthin Inhibits Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation and Vascular Inflammation in ApoE−/− Mice

Capsicum annuum L. and its bioactive constituents: A critical review of a traditional culinary spice in terms of its modern pharmacological potentials with toxicological issues

Capsanthin fromCapsicum annumfruits exerts anti‐glaucoma, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory activity, and corneal pro‐inflammatory cytokine gene expression in a benzalkonium chloride‐induced rat dry eye model

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