Capripox disease in Ethiopia: Genetic differences between field isolates and vaccine strain, and implications for vaccination failure

Gelaye, Esayas; Belay, Alebachew; Ayelet, Gelagay; Jenberie, Shiferaw; Yami, Martha; Loitsch, Angelika; Tuppurainen, Eeva; Grabherr, Reingard; Diallo, Adama; Lamien, Charles Euloge

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.04.008

Cited by 88 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Comparison of GPCR gene sequences from this study with GPCR sequences from LSDV vaccine strains (obtained from GenBank) commonly used in the East African region revealed a 12 bp deletion between nucleotide position 94 and 105 in the outbreak sequences when compared to the LSDV vaccine strains. This finding is similar to reports by Gelaye et al 2015 [21] who reported similar deletions in the GPCR gene of virulent LSDVs. The inferences for Uganda are that the current LSDVs causing outbreaks are genetically different from viruses in the Neethling vaccines used in the country.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Therefore, control measures through vaccination and animal movement restrictions remain as the most practical options to control LSD in Uganda. However, LSD control through vaccination may be endangered by improper use of vaccines and by reports of partial protection of current LSD vaccines [20,21]. Hence, the need for undertaking genetic characterization of LSDV during outbreaks to understand the genetic variation of field isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Gprotein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene is one of the variable genes within Capripoxviruses [23] and is an appropriate target for genetic distinction between Capripoxviruses [24]. The suitability of the GPCR gene for host range phylogenetic grouping was described by Le Goff et al 2005 [25] and has been used by various authors to characterise Capripoxviruses [21,22,[26][27][28][29]. The GPCR gene encodes a protein related to the G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor subfamily.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017–2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious viral disease of cattle caused by a Capripoxvirus. LSD has substantial economic implications, with infection resulting in permanent damage to the skin of affected animals which lowers their commercial value. In Uganda, LSD is endemic and cases of the disease are frequently reported to government authorities. This study was undertaken to molecularly characterize lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) strains that have been circulating in Uganda between 2017 and 2018. Secondly, the study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of Ugandan LSDV sequences with published sequences, available in GenBank. Results: A total of 7 blood samples and 16 skin nodule biopsies were screened for LSDV using PCR to confirm presence of LSDV nucleic acids. PCR positive samples were then characterised by amplifying the GPCR gene. These amplified genes were sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. Out of the 23 samples analysed, 15 were positive for LSDV by PCR (65.2%). The LSDV GPCR sequences analysed contained the unique signatures of LSDV (A11, T12, T34, S99, and P199) which further confirmed their identity. Sequence comparison with vaccine strains revealed a 12 bp deletion unique to Ugandan outbreak strains. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the LSDV sequences from this study clustered closely with sequences from neighboring East African countries and with LSDV strains from recent outbreaks in Europe. It was noted that the sequence diversity amongst LSDV strains from Africa was higher than diversity from Eurasia. Conclusion: The LSDV strains circulating in Uganda were closely related with sequences from neighboring African countries and from Eurasia. Comparison of the GPCR gene showed that outbreak strains differed from vaccine strains. This information is necessary to understand LSDV molecular epidemiology and to contribute knowledge towards the development of control strategies by the Government of Uganda.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017–2018

et al. 2020

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“…The type of vaccines and the method of vaccination are key components of a successful vaccination programme (Gelaye et al., ). In Tunisia, before 1989, one of the vaccines used was made of crude viruses extracted from desiccated lesions of sick animals and co‐administered with a hyperimmune serum (Odissev et al., ).…”

Section: Sheep Pox In Tunisiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Sheep pox in Tunisia: Current status and perspectives

Chehida

Ayari-Fakhfakh

Caufour

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Sheep pox, a well-known endemic capripox infection, has significant impacts on small ruminant populations in Tunisia. It is responsible for high economic losses throughout North Africa due to its enzootic nature and to the active animal transhumance existing in some governorates in Tunisia. The aim of this review was to analyse data gathered on annual vaccination campaigns designed to control its spread by reducing the level of endemicity and to describe diagnostic and management tools adapted to the Tunisian situation. Seasonal, temporal and spatial distributions of sheep pox outbreaks, as well as related clinical features, were found. It was concluded from this review that establishing strong herd immunization through individual animal immunization, creating adequate infrastructure, increasing awareness among breeders, setting up a field-based surveillance network and improving routine diagnostic methods need to be the major components of a programme to eradicate the disease. It was also felt that cost-benefit analyses of the surveillance and control strategies used would help in controlling its persistence.

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“…There is a potential risk that LSDV could spread from the Middle East, further into Europe. (Diesel, 1949;House et al, 1990;Yeruham et al, 1995;Wainwright et al, 2013;Al-Salihi and Hassan, 2015;Gelaye et al, 2015;Ripani and Pacholek, 2015). Sporadic outbreaks of LSD have occurred in Turkey after LSD was first officially reported from the Kahramanmaras ß Province to Office International des Epizooties (OIE) in 2013 (Office International des Epizooties (OIE), 2013; Office International des Epizooties (OIE), 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological and Molecular Studies on Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in Turkey during 2014-2015

Şevik

Doğan

2016

Transbound Emerg Dis

129

127

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This study was carried out to explore epidemiological and molecular features of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in the Aegean, Central Anatolian and Mediterranean regions of Turkey, to evaluate the risk factors associated with LSDV infection and to investigate the financial impact of LSD and potential role of the Culicoides spp. in the transmission of LSDV. Samples were obtained from 611 cattle, each from different farms, and each clinically suspected to be infected with LSDV during the months of July 2014 and June 2015. Culicoides spp. were trapped from April to June 2015. Genetic characterization of the local LSDV field isolates was conducted by sequencing G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor gene segment. Real-time PCR high-resolution melting analysis was used for distinguishing each type of capripoxviruses. Viral DNA was detected in 448 of the 611 animals and Culicoides midges. Three hundred and ninety-three of the 448 affected farms were surveyed. The morbidity and mortality rates detected were 12.3% and 6.4%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the field isolates in this study were clustered together with other Africa and Middle East isolates. Genotyping of isolates from infected cattle has revealed the presence of LSDV. A generalized mixed linear model showed that there were positive associations between LSDV infection, European breeds, small-sized family-type farms and nearness of farm to a lake. The financial cost of disease presence in surveyed cattle farms was estimated to be 72.75 GBP per head. The sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene showed that the species of Culicoides in LSDV-positive pools was Culicoides punctatus. Detection of LSDV in Culicoides punctatus suggests that it may have played a role in transmitting LSDV. Furthermore, movement of infected animals into disease-free areas increases the risk of the transmission of LSD. Control strategies for LSDV infection should include consideration of the risk factors identified in this study.

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Capripox disease in Ethiopia: Genetic differences between field isolates and vaccine strain, and implications for vaccination failure

Cited by 88 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017–2018

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of lumpy skin disease virus from outbreaks in Uganda 2017–2018

Sheep pox in Tunisia: Current status and perspectives

Epidemiological and Molecular Studies on Lumpy Skin Disease Outbreaks in Turkey during 2014-2015

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