CAPPRIC Study—Characterization of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Spanish Adults Managed in Primary Care Settings

Abstract

The real burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in non-hospitalized patients is largely unknown. This is a 3-year prospective, observational study of ambulatory CAP in adults, conducted in 24 Spanish primary care centers between 2016–2019. Sociodemographic and clinical variables of patients with radiographically confirmed CAP were collected. Pneumococcal etiology was assessed using the Binax Now® test. Patients were followed up for 10 ± 3 days. A total of 456 CAP patients were included in the study. Mean age was 56.6 (±17.5) years, 53.5% were female, and 53.9% had ≥1 comorbidity. Average incidence of CAP was 1.2–3.5 cases per 1000 persons per year. Eighteen patients (3.9%) were classified as pneumococcal CAP. Cough was present in 88.1% of patients at diagnosis and fever in 70.8%. Increased pulmonary density (63.3%) and alveolar infiltrates with air bronchogram (16.6%) were the most common radiographic findings. After 14.6 ± 6.0 days (95% CI = 13.9–15.3), 65.4% of patients had recovered. Hospitalization rate was 2.8%. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were quinolones (58.7%) and β-lactams (31.1%). In conclusion, one-third of CAP patients did not fully recover after two weeks of empiric antibiotic therapy and 2.8% required hospitalization, highlighting the significant burden associated with non-hospitalized CAP in Spain.

Magnetic Nanoclusters Increase the Sensitivity of Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Protein Detection: Application to Pneumolysin as a Biomarker for Streptococcus pneumoniae

“…Another option is the commercial lateral flow test Binax Now ® for the detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide C in urine. However, it has been reported to have low sensitivity in adults, probably associated with the serotype changes and their polysaccharide C variability [14], and it is not helpful in children if they have had a prior bronchopulmonary disease or if they have been vaccinated [15,16]. Therefore, the current challenge in pneumonia diagnosis, mainly but not exclusively in children, is a rapid diagnostic test with high sensitivity and specificity in handy samples such as urine.…”

Multidisciplinary Collaboration for the Optimization of Antibiotic Prescription: Analysis of Clinical Cases of Pneumonia between Emergency, Internal Medicine, and Pharmacy Services

“…However, the estimated incidence in adults in the Spanish primary care setting between 2009 and 2013 was 4.63 cases per 1000 persons/year, and it was higher with age and also, in males [ 6 ]. From 2016–2019, the average incidence of CAP was 1.2–3.5 cases per 1000 persons per year [ 7 ]. The risk factors related to CAP were, among others, HIV infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and smoking [ 6 ].…”

“…The risk factors related to CAP were, among others, HIV infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and smoking [ 6 ]. In the Basque Country (northern area of Spain) the incidence was higher in urban areas (6.62 cases per 1000 persons/year) [ 7 ].…”