Cappadocia, Central Turkey

Scoon, Roger N.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54693-9_15

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…In situ cosmogenic nuclides provide insight into rates of surface erosion (Sarikaya et al, 2015), including mass wasting events. In contrast, this study's focus rests in understanding the role of rock decay in Arizona's fairy chimney development; a more appropriate-but less precise-method to measure rates of rock decay involves VML dating (Liu & Broecker, 2007, 2013. Unlike cosmogenic nuclides, a numerical dating method, VML is a calibrated dating method.…”

Section: Study Site Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple VML samples-many more than could be feasible prepared here-were taken from the top and the side for laboratory analysis. The criteria for collection following guidelines used in other VML studies (Dorn, 2014(Dorn, , 2016(Dorn, , 2018Liu & Broecker, 2007, 2013; in brief, there are many confounding factors that can lead to rock varnish being unsuitable for VML dating, and the sampling strategies employed by these authors and used here maximizes the chance that the hours involved in sample preparation would yield a well-laminated cross-section suitable for analysis. The growth of black fungi and lichens dissolving laminations were the most common difficulties encountered in this VML study.…”

Section: Vml Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, a VML age can never be precise but providing only an approximate time for when the underlying surface last eroded and varnishing started. Key limitations, however, exist with using this method: (i) three separate millimetre-sized samples that yielded a top and side VML age may or may not be statistically representative, and (ii) VML ages are always minimum limiting, because the bottom layer only starts to form after an erosion event, with a typical time lag being decades to a century in the study area (Dorn, 2014(Dorn, , 2016(Dorn, , 2018Liu & Broecker, 2007, 2013. In essence, the purpose of this VML study was to provide insight into how long it takes rock decay to destabilize a fairy chimney surface in the study area.…”

Section: Vml Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second key is exposure of the ignimbrite columnar joints along a cliff face, aided by such processes as the development of drainages associated with regional base level changes (Dogan et al, 2019). An example of this second step comes from the fairy chimneys of Cappadocia, Turkey (Kuzucuoglu, 2019; Scoon, 2013; UNESCO, 2022), where Quaternary fluvial incision of the Melendiz River Valley lowered base level and led to the development of drainages into ignimbrite plateaus (Dogan et al, 2019). Canyons eroding back into ignimbrite plateaus expose a sequence of durable and nondurable ash‐flow tuffs occasionally interbedded with lacustrine deposits (Deniz & Topal, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Decay of ignimbrite fairy chimneys of Arizona's Basin and Range Province, USA

Dorn

2023

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Fairy chimneys of ignimbrite are well studied in Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Turkey. The ignimbrite landforms of Arizona's Basin and Range, USA, in contrast, remain relatively unexplored in geomorphic scholarship, despite decades of geological research on the characteristics of the ignimbrites themselves. This research focuses on the rock‐decay processes that modify Arizona's Basin and Range fair chimneys. Dissolution of glass and groundmass, measured along joints using digital image processing of back‐scattered electron microscope imagery, reveal a 3× higher porosity than inside the rock interior. This method also measured a 3‐4× increase in dissolution near the base of the chimney compared with the rock interior, leading to notch development that promotes chimney mass wasting and subsequent ballistic impacts. Epilithic organisms studied with electron microscopy both enhance rock decay and promote case hardening. These observations are consistent with prior understanding of how fairy chimneys evolve over time: columnar joints exposed on cliff faces experience enough decay to allow erosion of joint material, this erosion separates the chimney from the rock face and notch development near the chimney base promotes mass wasting. The rock‐decay processes studied here likely operate on very different timescales. Mass wasting events leading to ballistic impacts occur at observable timescales. Varnish microlamination dating, using ultrathin sections of rock varnish formed on fairy chimneys, indicates that the case hardening of the top of fairy chimneys are much more stable than the sides; the tops last experienced surface detachment during the early Holocene, as opposed to the sides that experienced flaking throughout the late Holocene. The timescale of basal notch development is not known, with the exception that the very surface of notches erode at rates too fast to accumulate rock varnish. The timescales of epilithic organisms enhancing rock decay and dissolution of columnar joints are not known.

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Section: Study Site Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%