Determining the decision of the company capital structure is a very important thing because it influences the development of resources potency and the sustainability of a company. Related to deciding on the capital structure, there is still different perception so far between pecking order theory and trade-off theory. This research aims to know the effect of profitability, sales growth, non-debt tax shield, the tangibility of assets, and funding surplus towards the capital structure of non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2014-2017. The research method used was Causal-Comparative Research with samples investigated were panel data of 154 non-financial companies experiencing funding surplus with total observation in the amount of 616. The result of this research shows that non-debt tax shield and growth sales do not affect company capital structure. Besides that, funding surplus has a positive effect on the capital structure, while profitability and tangibility assets have a negative effect on the capital structure. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh antara profitabilitas, pertumbuhan penjualan, non debt tax shield, tangibility of asset, dan surplus pendanaan terhadap struktur modal pada perusahaan non keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode tahun 2014-2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kausal komparatif (Causal-Comparative Research) dengan sampel yang diteliti yaitu 154 perusahaan non keuangan yang mengalami surplus pendanaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa non-debt tax shield tidak berpengaruh terhadap struktur modal perusahaan. Selain itu, pertumbuhan penjualan, tangibility assets, dan surplus pendanaan memiliki pengaruh yang positif terhadap struktur modal, sedangkan profitabilitas memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap struktur modal.