Capillary pumped loop GAS and Hitchhiker flight experiments

Ku, Jentung; Kroliczek, E. J.; Butler, Dan; Schweickart, Russell B.; Mcintosh, R.

doi:10.2514/6.1986-1249

Cited by 43 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This methodology is the most appropriate technique for analyzing the CPL system. The third approach is related to an overall system simulation using existing semi-empirical correlations under 1 g conditions to calculate the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients in different parts of the CPL (Kroliczek et al, 1984;Ku et al, 1986a;1986b;1987a;1987b;Chalmers et al, 1988;Ku et al, 1988;Benner et al, 1989;Schweickart and Buchko, 1991;Ku, 1993). Some analytical studies concerning the complex transient phenomena of startup have been conducted (Cullimore, 1991).…”

Section: Capillary Pumped Loop Heat Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Pipes: Review, Opportunities and Challenges

Faghri¹

2014

Frontiers in Heat Pipes

245

105

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A detailed overview of heat pipes is presented in this paper, including a historical perspective, principles of operations, types of heat pipes, heat pipe performance characteristics, heat pipe limitations, heat pipe frozen startup and shutdown, heat pipe analysis and simulations, and various applications of heat pipes. Over the last several decades, several factors have contributed to a major transformation in heat pipe science and technology . The first major contribution was the development and advances of new heat pipes, such as loop heat pipes, micro and miniature heat pipes, and pulsating heat pipes. In addition, there are now many new commercial applications that have helped contribute to the recent interest in heat pipes, especially related to the fields of electronic cooling and energy. For example, several million heat pipes are now manufactured each month since all modern laptops use heat pipes for CPU cooling. Numerical modeling, analysis, and experimental simulation of heat pipes have also significantly progressed due to a much greater understanding of various physical phenomena in heat pipes, as well as advances in computational and experimental methodologies.

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Section: Capillary Pumped Loop Heat Pipesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Pipes: Review, Opportunities and Challenges

Faghri¹

2014

Frontiers in Heat Pipes

245

105

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“…The standard deviation S was obtained from this large sample. Based on the bias and random errors, a 95% con dence level uncertainty interval was estab- 2 , where t 0.95 is the student distribution coef cient 19,20 ]. A value of 4 ± C was added to the maximum uncertainty limit to account for the already-mentioned conceptual error.…”

Section: Experimental Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Absorber Plates: Design and Application to Microgravity Capillary-Pumped-Loop Experiments

Mantelli

Bazzo

2000

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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An absorber plate is proposed to collect solar energy to be supplied to experiments in space. Its performance depends on the geometry of the satellite, on the incident environmental heat loads (solar, albedo, and Earth infrared radiation), and on the temperature level of the plate, which is usually an outcome of the microgravity experiment. A steady-state mathematical model is proposed to estimate the temperature distribution along the plate. Finite difference numerical models are developed for the steady-state and transient conditions and compared with the analytical model. Average temperatures and the net heat absorbed are determined. An experimental setup is developed to generate data to be compared with the theoretical models. A good agreement is observed among the experimental data, the analytical, and the numerical results. The procedure is applied to the small-scale capillarypumped-loop experiment, which will y aboard the French Brazilian Microsatellite. This experiment is described. Solar absorbers can be considered as a reliable alternative to improve the available heat power for experiments in space. Nomenclaturea = half the length of the capillary pump, m B = bias error b = half the length of the border of the plate, x direction, m C n , CC n = integration constant (n variable) C p = speci c heat, constant pressure, kW/kg¢ K c = half the length of the border of the plate, y direction, m d f = degrees of freedom h r = radiative heat transfer coef cient, W/m 2 ¢ K k = thermal conductivity, W/m¢ K; time-iteration counting variable m, n = node numbering (x and y directions, respectively) N = maximum number of series terms, number of elements P = electrical power, W q = thermal power, W/m 2 R = electrical resistance, X S = environmental total heat load, W/m 2 ; standard deviation T = temperature, K T f = uid temperature, K T s = space temperature, K t = thickness of the plate, m; time, s; Student t multiplying factor U = uncertainty interval V = voltage, V x, y, z = orthogonal directions, Cartesian system a = absorptivity ² = emissivity h , H , U , W = temperature difference, (T ¡ T f ) k , l = eigenvalue q = density, kg/m 3 r = Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 5.67 £ 10 ¡ 8 W/m 2 ¢ K 4

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“…One of the recommendations at the review (made by Mr. Brent Cullimore) was to replace the traditional CPL with a loop that utilizes only a single starter pump [8]. A heat pipe imbedded in the cold plate would be used to provide the required isothermalization of the plate and carry heat to the starter pump.…”

Section: Capl 2 Flight Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flight Testing of the Capillary Pumped Loop Flight Experiment

Butler¹,

Ottenstein²,

Ku³

1995

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The Capillary Pumped Loop Flight Experiment (CAPL) employs a passive two-phase thermal control system that uses the latent heat of vaporization of ammonia to transfer heat over long distances. CAPL was designed as a prototype of the Earth Observing System (EOS) instrument thermal control systems.The purpose of the mission was to provide validation of the system performance in micro-gravity, prior to implementation on EOS. CAPL was flown on STS-60 in February, 1994, with some unexpected results related to gravitational effects on two-phase systems. Flight test results and post flight investigations will be addressed, along with a brief description of the experiment design.

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Capillary pumped loop GAS and Hitchhiker flight experiments

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Heat Pipes: Review, Opportunities and Challenges

Heat Pipes: Review, Opportunities and Challenges

Solar Absorber Plates: Design and Application to Microgravity Capillary-Pumped-Loop Experiments

Flight Testing of the Capillary Pumped Loop Flight Experiment

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