Capillary flooding of wood with microemulsions from Winsor I systems

Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions Stabilized by Carboxymethylated Lignins: Properties and Energy Prospects

“…At a WOR of 60:40, the emulsions started to exhibit shear thinning at low shear rates, and this behavior became more apparent as the internal‐phase (oil) content increased: the oil droplets were smaller and more likely to collide. However, the changes in emulsion viscosity were affected not only by the WOR and droplet size but also by the interactions between the CML molecules in the continuous phase and at the surfaces of the droplets . For example, the viscosity of the O/W emulsions can be increased markedly by strong ion–dipole associations between CML molecules on the adjacent oil droplets .…”

Cellulose nanofibrils for one-step stabilization of multiple emulsions (W/O/W) based on soybean oil

“…The phase behavior of the SOW systems was monitored by using standard protocols that also allowed the construction of pseudo-ternary diagrams following the titration method [23,24]. In short, the oil phase mixed with the surfactant systems was titrated using an aqueous dispersion of CNF at given solids content.…”

“…Soybean oil is composed of a mixture of fatty acids with long carbon chains, with an equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN) of 18 (the EACN is the number of carbon atoms that a linear alkane would have to result in the same phase behavior) [43]. Limonene is a terpene with fewer carbon atoms than the fatty acids in soybean oil and with an EACN close to 8 [23]. Octane is a linear alkane with only 8 carbon atoms (EACN = 8).…”

Cellulosic Substrates for Removal of Pollutants from Aqueous Systems: A Review. 3. Spilled Oil and Emulsified Organic Liquids

“…Various authors have proposed that "capillary action" is a key mechanism by which oil is taken up by sorbent materials (Choi et al 1993(Choi et al , 1994Ribeiro and Rubio 1999;Ribeiro et al 2000;Inagaki et al 2002b;Al-Marzouqi et al 2003;Haussard et al 2003;Lim and Huang 2006;Cojocaru et al 2011;Diersch et al 2010;Masoodi et al , 2011Carrillo et al 2012). In other words, contact angle phenomena govern the wicking of oils into porous substrates.…”