“…Low levels of adrenaline have been found in patients with Parkinson's disease [6,7]. So far, various methods have been reported for the quantitative determination of adrenaline, such as fluorescence [8][9][10], electrochemistry [6,[11][12][13], capillary electrophoresis (CE) [14,15], liquid chromatography (LC) [16][17][18], and chemiluminescence (CL) [19][20][21] detection. However, most of these methods are limited because of their high cost, tedious operation, and even dependence on the pre-treatment of extraction or derivatization.…”