Capillary Electrophoresis: Trends and Recent Advances

Voeten, Robert L. C.; Ventouri, Iro K.; Haselberg, Rob; Somsen, Govert W.

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00015

Cited by 237 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(326 reference statements)

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“…LC is one of the main current analytical methods . Due to its high separation efficiency, short analytical time and less sample consumption , CE was also applied to GSH analysis . LIF could provide high sensitivity, but it usually needs derivative procedure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt‐effect enhanced hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction of glutathione in human saliva followed by miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

et al. 2020

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A hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) method was established for purification and enrichment of glutathione (GSH) in human saliva followed by a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection system (mini‐CE‐AD). Based on regulating isoelectric point and increasing salt effect to modify donor phase, HF‐LPME could provide high enrichment efficiency for GSH up to 471 times, and the extract was directly injected for mini‐CE‐AD analysis. The salt‐effect enhanced HF‐LPME/mini‐CE‐AD method has been successfully applied to saliva analysis, and acceptable LOD (0.46 ng/mL, S/N = 3) and recoveries (92.7–101.3%) could be obtained in saliva matrix. The sample pretreatment of this developed method was simple and required no derivatization, providing a potential alternative for non‐invasive fluid analysis using portable instrument.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt‐effect enhanced hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction of glutathione in human saliva followed by miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

et al. 2020

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“…To overcome these limitations, analytical methods based on various techniques, including LC–MS , GC–MS , CE–UV , ambient ionization MS , have been developed to quantify urinary creatinine. Having the advantages of relatively short analysis time, low sample consumption and high efficiency for detecting small polar molecules , CE–MS also showed its strong capability in the analysis of creatinine in urine metabolomics . Owing to the high abundance of creatinine in the human urine (10.4 ± 2.0 mM for average) , the MS analysis of urinary creatinine can be performed with relatively high dilutions of the samples , but it can also lead to signal saturation of creatinine when being quantified simultaneously with low‐abundance species in the less diluted urine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of multisegment injection on quantification of creatinine and standard addition analysis of urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid simultaneously with creatinine normalization

Huang

Scotland

et al. 2020

Electrophoresis

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Application of multisegment injection on quantification of creatinine and standard addition analysis of urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid simultaneously with creatinine normalizationIn this paper, the development of a simple dilute-and-shoot method for quantifying urinary creatinine by CE-ESI-MS was described. The creatinine analysis time was about 7 min/sample by conventional single injection (SI) method and can be significantly reduced to less than 2 min/sample with multi-segment injection (MSI). In addition, the standard addition analysis of 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and creatinine normalization was performed within one run by the MSI technique, and the total analysis time was 14-min faster compared to the SI method for analyzing the same set of samples. The uses of isotopic and non-isotopic internal standards (ISs) were compared. Creatinine-(methyl-13 C) and 5-hydroxyindole-4,6,7-D 3 -3-acetic-D 2 acid (5-HIAA-D 5 ) used as isotopic ISs can provide both accurate and precise results. In contrast, 1,5,5-trimethylhydantoin (1,5,5-TH) used as the non-isotopic IS for creatinine may cause a bias of over 13% in SI method and even worse when the MSI technique was used. Another compound, 2-methyl-3-indoleacetic acid (2-MIAA), was determined not suitable for MSI analysis of 5-HIAA due to endogenous interferences despite its acceptable performance in conventional methods of analysis.Abbreviations: 1,5,5-TH, 1,5,5-trimethylhydantoin; 2-MIAA, 2methyl-3-indoleacetic acid; 5-HIAA, 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid; IS, internal standard; MRM, multiple reaction monitoring; MSI, multi-segment injection; RPA, relative peak area; SI, single injection variations due to water intake or diet composition. This gives rise to the difficulty of interpreting urinary metabolite concentrations and necessitating urine volume calibration [2,3].The conventional urine normalization approaches include flow rate correction, measurement of urine osmolality or specific gravity, and the commonly used creatinine correction [2,3]. The daily renal excretion of creatinine via glomerular filtration remains at a relatively constant rate under normal conditions [2-4], and the urinary creatinine level has been found relatively stable when the urine secretion rates are above 1 mL/min [3,5]. Despite the potential influence of age, gender, diet intake, and other factors, creatinine normalization is still widely applied and generally accepted in metabolomic studies for correcting solute concentrations of urine samples [1][2][3]. Furthermore, urinary creatinine levels are also measured for the assessment of renal function in Color online: See the article online to view Figs. 1-4 in color.

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“…Traditional electrophoresis instruments separate analytes as they migrate through an electric field with a velocity that is determined by their electrophoretic mobility . The migration often takes place in a liquid solution, which is confined to a capillary or a microfluidic channel, and these CE platforms have increasing popularity in a clinical setting due to their ability to precisely control submicroliter volumes of sample while providing portability and fast separation times .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Counterflow gradient electrophoresis for focusing and elution

Courtney

Ren

2019

Electrophoresis

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Counterflow gradient electrofocusing uses the bulk flow of a liquid solution to counterbalance the electrophoretic migration of an analyte. When either the bulk velocity or the electrophoretic velocity of the analyte is made to vary across the length of the channel, there exists a unique zero‐velocity point for the analyte. This focusing method enables simultaneous separation and concentration of different analytes. The high resolution and sensitivity achieved are similar to that of isoelectric focusing, which separates analytes based on their isoelectric points, but the key difference is that analytes will instead focus based on their electrophoretic mobility. Dynamically changing the applied voltage or the counterflow rate over time will shift the zero‐velocity point, and therefore allows the focused analytes to pass through a fixed detection point, or elute from the separation channel. Throughout the review, a number of different counterflow gradient techniques will be discussed, along with their recent advancements and potential applications.

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Capillary Electrophoresis: Trends and Recent Advances

Cited by 237 publications

References 196 publications

Salt‐effect enhanced hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction of glutathione in human saliva followed by miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

Salt‐effect enhanced hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction of glutathione in human saliva followed by miniaturized capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

Application of multisegment injection on quantification of creatinine and standard addition analysis of urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid simultaneously with creatinine normalization

Counterflow gradient electrophoresis for focusing and elution

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