Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry coupling versus micro-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry coupling: a case study

Determination of midazolam and 1-hydroxymidazolam from plasma by gas chromatography coupled to methane negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry after sublingual administration of midazolam

“…In addition to chromatographic techniques micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) has been used for the confirmation of benzodiazepine compounds in human urine which tested positive by immunoassay screening [31]. It has also been reported that capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) can provide both different selectivity and greater sensitivity than micro-HPLC for the detection of midazolam and its phase I and II metabolites [32].…”

“…Extraction solvents with non-polar, medium polarity, or a mixture of several solvents e.g. n-butyl acetate, toluene, or ethylacetate-hexane (75:25, v/v) have been reported [16][17][18]22,23,27,32]. More selective extraction techniques, e.g.…”

“…More selective extraction techniques, e.g. solid-phase extraction (SPE), have also been widely used with reversed-phase sorbents [20,25,29,32] and also with a strong cation-exchange ion exchanger sorbent [26]. In addition, a mixed-mode SPE sorbent, combining nonpolar and cation-exchange packing materials has been used for isolation of midazolam and its phase I and II metabolites from the specimen.…”

Separation techniques hyphenated to electrospray‐tandem mass spectrometry in proteomics: Capillary electrophoresis versus nanoliquid chromatography

“…Some studies have been performed for the comparison of LC-MS and CZE-MS. Lausecker et al [34] found higher absolute sensitivity and different selectivity for the CZE-MS approach compared to microLC-MS for the analysis of a pharmaceutical drug component and its metabolites by applying a sheath-liquid interface for CZE-MS coupling. Peri-Okonny et al reduced analysis time and improved separation for nine basic drugs when applying nonaqueous CZE as opposed to RP-LC [35].…”

A soft on‐column metal coating procedure for robust sheathless electrospray emitters used in capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry

“…The high electric field strength leads to sputtering of the coating, as well as electrochemical reactions at the interface, mainly electrolysis of water in the positive spray mode. The use of sheathless electrospray emitters is therefore limited by short lifetimes that are typically up to 100 h for standard electrospray and 6 h for nanospray [26,27]. In addition, gas formation caused by solvent oxidation and corrosion of the conductive metal surface can result in mechanical and oxidative stress on the coating.…”