Capillary electrophoresis based on the nucleic acid detection in the application of cancer diagnosis and therapy

Abstract

Cancer is malignant disease that causes many deaths worldwide every year, with most deaths occurring in the middle and advanced stages of cancer. Numerous deaths can be avoided by detecting cancer at an early stage, making early diagnosis and timely therapy critical for cancer treatment. Analyses at the level of nucleic acids rather than phenotypes can eliminate various false-positive and -negative results, and diagnoses can occur at an earlier stage. Many techniques have been developed for this purpose, including capillary electrophoresis (CE), which has the advantages of high-efficiency, high-speed, high-throughput, automation, cleanliness, and versatility, and CE can be conducted on a microscale or coupled with other separation techniques. These advantages afford this technique the ability to meet the future medical requirements that will undoubtedly call for amassing large numbers of samples for analysis, suggesting that CE may become an important tool for providing data in clinical cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review focuses on CE-based nucleic acid detection as it is applied to cancer diagnosis and therapy, and provides an introduction to the drawbacks and future developments of analysis with CE.

Monitoring electric field induced changes in biological tissues and phantoms using ultrasound

“…The electrophoresis of the positively charged particle is called cataphoresis while that of negatively charged particle is called anaphoresis. This method is frequently used in molecular biology and medicine for the separation and characterization of proteins and nucleic acids [26]. The insoluble solid which is dipped in an electrolytic solution forms a solid/liquid interface.…”

“…A large sized particle will not move as far as the small particle with the same charge. The ratio of charge to mass of the particle determines how far it moves in the medium [23], [26]. During electrophoresis the particles are separated in a liquid and the electric field is applied by using the two electrodes as shown in Fig.…”

A comparative study of three different nucleic acid amplification techniques combined with microchip electrophoresis for HPV16 E6/E7 mRNA detection

“…Although 3.0% (w/v) HEC can be well capable for sample analysis, the long analytical time is not satisfying. Therefore, 2.5% (w/v) HEC were finally selected for the following experiment because of the balance of short analytical time and desired resolution.1.0% HEC, 20% (v/v) 25 formamide (used as RNA denaturant) solution was selected for RNA sample assay for rapid detection with good resolution. Moreover, the application of 7M urea (used as RNA denaturant) in RNA buffer often blocked the microchannel because of urea crystallization.…”

“…To simplify the operation, one-step RT-PCR was employed, which may encourage non-specific reaction but with a similar 25 sensitivity to two-step RT-PCR, as shown in ESI †, Fig. 2C.…”

“…23,24 On account of high resolution and good reproducibility, capillary electrophoresisis (CE) is widely used in nucleic acid detection. 25 Compared to conventional CE device, microchip electrophoresis (MCE) 20 possesses the advantages of short analysis time (less than 3 min for one sample), miniaturization and automation. 26,27 Therefore, the development of HPV detection system based on the combination of microchip capillary electrophoresis with NASBA or RT-PCR will take the advantage of both methods and push on 25 the front line for sensitive and rapid HPV detection.…”