CapEx advantages of multi-core fiber networks

Liangzhong, Yao; Hua, Nan; Zheng, Xiaoping

doi:10.1007/s11107-015-0536-9

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Objective function (1) aims to minimize the total number of FSs used in any MCF link in the network (i.e., Φ, considered hereafter as the spectrum usage metric). Constraint (2) enforces that every offered demand is supported over a single lightpath. Constraint (3) is the spectrum clashing constraint, which ensures that any FS in any MCF link supports one lightpath at most.…”

Section: B Ilp Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ULTI Core Fibers (MCFs) have arisen as promising and economically attractive candidates to realize Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) in ultra-high bit-rate optical core networks [1], [2], thanks to the very low inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) that they introduce during the optical signal propagation, even with high core density [3], [4]. Additionally, Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) [5], making use of a flexible spectrum grid (Flex-Grid) allow taking full advantage of the vast amount of spectral resources provided by future SDM-EON networks.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Route, Modulation Format, MIMO, and Spectrum Assignment in Flex-Grid/MCF Transparent Optical Core Networks

Rumipamba-Zambrano

Perelló

Spadaro

2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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In this paper, we target an optimal Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Digital Signal Processing (MIMO-DSP) assignment to super-channels affected by inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) in Multi-Core Fiber (MCF)-enabled transparent optical core networks. MIMO-DSP undoes ICXT effects, but can be costly with high core density MCFs. Hence, its implementation in the network must be carefully decided. We address our objective as a joint Route, Modulation format, MIMO and Spectrum Assignment (RMMSA) problem, for which Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulations are provided to optimally solve it in small network scenarios. Moreover, several heuristic approaches are also proposed to solve large-scale problem instances with good accuracy. Their goal is to minimize both network spectral requirements and the amount of MIMO equalized super-channels, taking a crosstalk-free Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) solution as a reference, for example, based on parallel single mode fibers (i.e., a Multi-Fiber -MF-scenario). For our evaluation, we consider several state-of-the-art MCF prototypes and different network topologies. The obtained results, with the considered MCFs, disclose that in national backbone networks, the desirable percentage of super-channels with MIMO equalization to match the performance of an equivalent crosstalk-free SDM solution ranges from 0-36%, while in continental-wide networks this range raises up to 0-56%. In addition, in the case of a non-ideal MIMO (with a 3 dB/km of crosstalk compensation), such percentages range from 0-28% and 0-45% in national and continental-wide backbone networks, respectively, experimenting a performance gap up to 12% with respect to the MF reference scenario.

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Section: B Ilp Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route, Modulation Format, MIMO, and Spectrum Assignment in Flex-Grid/MCF Transparent Optical Core Networks

Rumipamba-Zambrano

Perelló

Spadaro

2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…Refs. [28], [29] propose integer linear models to investigate the impact of MIMO-based crosstalk suppression on the Routing, Wavelength and Core Assignment problem. Refs.…”

Section: Sdm Optical Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing, Modulation Format, Baud Rate and Spectrum Allocation in Optical Metro Rings With Flexible Grid and Few-Mode Transmission

Rottondi

Boffi

Martelli

et al. 2017

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Application of few-mode transmission (FMT) in transport optical network is currently under scrutiny, especially for metro networks, where shorter distances and pressing traffic increase (e.g., due to a growing need for metro datacenter interconnection) represent promising conditions for FMT deployment. In this paper, we analyze, from a network-level perspective, the benefits introduced by FMT in metro networks. We consider the application in a flexi-grid network of a FMT system employing hybrid optical/digital mode demultiplexer and low-complexity MIMO-based digital signal processing (DSP). Under this system model, we derive the reach values associated to different modulation formats, baud rates, and number of modes. For the first time to the best of our knowledge, we formulate using linear programming the routing, modulation format, baud rate, and mode assignment problem, for two different switching policies (spatially flexible and spatially and spectrally flexible switching). Using our proposed modes, we identify the configurations that ensure minimum spectrum occupation or minimum cost of installed transceivers, and contrast them to the benchmark case of single-mode transmission.

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“…On the one hand, although the price of MCF is a little higher than single-mode fiber (SMF), it is acceptable for relative precision applications. On the other hand, with the maturity of MCF production technology and the increase in market demand [ 23 ], its cost will gradually decrease [ 24 , 25 ]. Through the S-type series connection of fan-in and fan-out, we achieved the object of not changing the hardware structure of sensing systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Space-Division Multiplexing Method for Fading Noise Suppression in the Φ-OTDR System

Zhang

Liu

Xiong

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Phase-sensitive time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) can be used for fully distributed long-distance vibration monitoring. There is a fading phenolmenon in the Φ-OTDR, which will cause the signal intensity somewhere to be too low to extract the phase of the signal without distortion. In this paper, the Φ-OTDR based on space-division multiplexing (SDM) is proposed to suppress fading and we used multi-core optical fiber (MCF) to realize SDM. While inheriting the previous optimization strategy, we proposed a strategy based on frequency spectral similarity to process multiple independent signals obtained by SDM. And we compared the two methods. Through the experiments, the distortion rate can be reduced from an average level of 9.34% to less than 2% under continuous running of 270 s, which proves that SDM is a reliable technical route to achieve fading suppression. This method can effectively improve the fading suppression capability of the existed commercial systems.

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CapEx advantages of multi-core fiber networks

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Route, Modulation Format, MIMO, and Spectrum Assignment in Flex-Grid/MCF Transparent Optical Core Networks

Route, Modulation Format, MIMO, and Spectrum Assignment in Flex-Grid/MCF Transparent Optical Core Networks

Routing, Modulation Format, Baud Rate and Spectrum Allocation in Optical Metro Rings With Flexible Grid and Few-Mode Transmission

A Space-Division Multiplexing Method for Fading Noise Suppression in the Φ-OTDR System

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