“…Physical, age-friendly environments can make the difference between independence and dependence for all individuals but are of particular importance for those growing older. Based on the paper by Bogataj et al [18,19], further extended by [20][21][22], in multiple decrement models with m environments (dwelling options) for those with reducing functional capacities, there are possibilities of 𝑚 states and 𝑚 − 1 transitions from one dwelling type to another, which can influence the slope of the curves in Figure 2. We denoted the initial state as state 0 (family home) and the decrement requiring dwelling of type j by the line of the graph from the parent node to a state (child node) 𝑗, 𝑗 = 1, 2, … , 𝑚 − 1 ( = 𝑎𝑑𝐹𝐻, 𝑆𝐻, 𝐻𝑤𝐶, 𝑁𝐻, 𝐷 ), where 𝐷 meant dead.…”
Section: Forecasting Affordable and Sustainable Services By Developin...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the case of the development and implementation of the community fall prevention and rehabilitation program in LTC procedures, the multiple decrement model presented in Formula ( 5) is no longer suitable and presents a gap in the literature. This is because such a model, currently used to model transitions of ageing residents between different types of environments due to functional decline, does not foresee rehabilitation and, therefore, does not allow for improvement in residents' functional capacities [18,[21][22][23]. In such cases, the multistate transition model should be used for the functional area of LTC provision.…”
Section: New Approach To the Multistate Transitions In Geo-gerontologymentioning
The Long-Term Care (LTC) industry mainly comprises networks managed by providers of services other than informal caregivers and government agencies. Among the providers are the local providers of community-based services. The segment still consists of mostly small businesses. As such, it needs many improvements in logistics, information and communication technology (ICT) support, and educational programs, specifically in the ADRION region, where the rural areas require a high percentage of travel time in a working day for service providers. The demand for LTC services must be known early enough for providers to adapt to the growth of these demands, and they also need methods to support decisions on how to optimize the number of care workers to be able to plan the necessary human resources in the long term. The results are based on the authors’ previous studies of sustainable hierarchical spatial systems. The paper presents the achievements of these research activities and policies, governance and financing in the hierarchically organized services and networks of educational programs for human resources and ICT innovations in LTC, which are currently in short supply. Projections of capacities from facilities are necessary. Logistic networks to human resources are based on geo-gerontological projections, such as the multistate transition model, which is a new achievement in this area, and the adequate norms and standards of these services. The optimal number of human resources is based on the combination of the Patterson-Albracht algorithm and Multiple Travelling Salesman Problem (mTSP), as a new Home Health Care Routing and Scheduling Problem (HHCRSP), which helps in ensuring the inclusion of travel time in the concept of norms and standards, to achieve a work balance and care schedule according to the wishes of clients. The proposed approach might help professionals adapt in advance to the coming changes caused by the growing number of seniors and rapid changes in technology, and might also help in considerations as to whether the priorities of clients should be included in the basic national insurance programs or additionally charged as a higher standard of home care services. The aim is to make care and supply networks as sustainable as possible.
“…Physical, age-friendly environments can make the difference between independence and dependence for all individuals but are of particular importance for those growing older. Based on the paper by Bogataj et al [18,19], further extended by [20][21][22], in multiple decrement models with m environments (dwelling options) for those with reducing functional capacities, there are possibilities of 𝑚 states and 𝑚 − 1 transitions from one dwelling type to another, which can influence the slope of the curves in Figure 2. We denoted the initial state as state 0 (family home) and the decrement requiring dwelling of type j by the line of the graph from the parent node to a state (child node) 𝑗, 𝑗 = 1, 2, … , 𝑚 − 1 ( = 𝑎𝑑𝐹𝐻, 𝑆𝐻, 𝐻𝑤𝐶, 𝑁𝐻, 𝐷 ), where 𝐷 meant dead.…”
Section: Forecasting Affordable and Sustainable Services By Developin...mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the case of the development and implementation of the community fall prevention and rehabilitation program in LTC procedures, the multiple decrement model presented in Formula ( 5) is no longer suitable and presents a gap in the literature. This is because such a model, currently used to model transitions of ageing residents between different types of environments due to functional decline, does not foresee rehabilitation and, therefore, does not allow for improvement in residents' functional capacities [18,[21][22][23]. In such cases, the multistate transition model should be used for the functional area of LTC provision.…”
Section: New Approach To the Multistate Transitions In Geo-gerontologymentioning
The Long-Term Care (LTC) industry mainly comprises networks managed by providers of services other than informal caregivers and government agencies. Among the providers are the local providers of community-based services. The segment still consists of mostly small businesses. As such, it needs many improvements in logistics, information and communication technology (ICT) support, and educational programs, specifically in the ADRION region, where the rural areas require a high percentage of travel time in a working day for service providers. The demand for LTC services must be known early enough for providers to adapt to the growth of these demands, and they also need methods to support decisions on how to optimize the number of care workers to be able to plan the necessary human resources in the long term. The results are based on the authors’ previous studies of sustainable hierarchical spatial systems. The paper presents the achievements of these research activities and policies, governance and financing in the hierarchically organized services and networks of educational programs for human resources and ICT innovations in LTC, which are currently in short supply. Projections of capacities from facilities are necessary. Logistic networks to human resources are based on geo-gerontological projections, such as the multistate transition model, which is a new achievement in this area, and the adequate norms and standards of these services. The optimal number of human resources is based on the combination of the Patterson-Albracht algorithm and Multiple Travelling Salesman Problem (mTSP), as a new Home Health Care Routing and Scheduling Problem (HHCRSP), which helps in ensuring the inclusion of travel time in the concept of norms and standards, to achieve a work balance and care schedule according to the wishes of clients. The proposed approach might help professionals adapt in advance to the coming changes caused by the growing number of seniors and rapid changes in technology, and might also help in considerations as to whether the priorities of clients should be included in the basic national insurance programs or additionally charged as a higher standard of home care services. The aim is to make care and supply networks as sustainable as possible.
“…The design of the built environment requires facilitation and the common denominator of such arrangement in the current situation is that it often provides commercial interest, and in many cases, do not get the community to take part in the value added. The value added is asymmetric and prevents desirable development when community's incentives to facilitation is limited by resource shortages (Bogataj et al, 2015;Rogelj, 2019). In this context, there is a necessity to monitor governance approaches, both top-down and bottomup, to create solutions to meet the desired outcomes of the different interest groups who impact on the management of the city (Lindkvist et al, 2018).…”
Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate where facility management (FM) is having an impact on the urban environment and what other work needs to be done to easier facilitate achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). This is important for practices as it highlights opportunities where the FM discipline can develop and to research to illustrate where the discipline is going. The societal benefit is that we see Urban FM as an intermediator between citizens, public and private practices providing the platform of how they can work together for mutual benefit.
Design/methodology/approach
The method used is a literature review, looking latest state-of-art in the mentioned field has been assessed and the developments along with potential future research focuses, have been identified. The current scope to expand FM role were also taken into consideration from a recent workshop at the EuroFM conferences 2019 and 2020, several presentations at the CIB World Congress Hong Kong 2019, CIRRE 2018 and 2019, and special Facilities’ issue, illustrating how FM works within Urban environments and the potential contribution the discipline makes on neighbourhoods, communities and broader city-scale.
Findings
The authors present how FM fits in with a Smart and Sustainable City context by positioning communities as core for meeting SDGs, but they often fall out of needs perspective for hard and soft services. Since 2018, the authors have intensely worked on this topic developing conference papers at both a European and international level. The topic of Urban FM is growing in importance based on out interactions at these conferences and interactions with FM network groups. In addition, the authors have been identifying gaps, with communities that are currently not being met by current urban practice perspectives but could be met through an Urban FM practice perspective. They have engaged an educational perspective of Urban FM by developing workshops, summer schools with students from around Europe and new courses. With a specific focus on this concept, it is important to branch out ideas and disseminate of what a more structured urban FM is.
Research limitations/implications
Smart and Sustainable Cities has been a focus for many years now from various perspectives such as urban planning and technology providing solutions and frameworks on how to manage increasing populations in cities. What these studies neglect is a service-oriented perspective supporting the livability requirements and social values of future and current communities living in cities which goes beyond operating and maintaining infrastructure of cities. This neglect which highlights the need to develop an understanding where FM expands its role in the urban environment.
Originality/value
The aim is to highlight solidify research that is happening in this area where FM links to the urban environment and the benefit it has in terms of sustainability. It illustrates to practice and teaching that the concept of FM is relevant within an urban environment, creates stronger connections within and between citizens and cities and illustrate how Urban FM is necessary in facilitating community facilities.
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