Capacity of sampling and preconcentration columns with a low number of theoretical plates

Loevkvist, Per.; Joensson, Jan Aake.

doi:10.1021/ac00133a006

Cited by 93 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…From Eq. (2) it is important to note that the only two terms affecting the recovery of an analyte are β and K. For very large partitioning constants the numerator becomes unity, leading to 100% recovery. Very large phase ratios (small volume of extractant relative to the sample volume) lead to a large numerator and, consequently, to low recovery.…”

Section: Static Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Baltussen¹,

2002

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Most sample-enrichment procedures currently available rely on adsorption of the analytes of interest by a suitable adsorbent material. Although good performance can be obtained for many practical problems, in some cases the applicability of adsorptive sample preparation falls short, particularly for the enrichment of polar and/or high-molecular-weight compounds, especially in combination with thermal desorption. Because of the very strong retention of adsorbent materials, undesired effects such as incomplete desorption and artifact formation are observed. Polar solutes are easily adsorbed but readily undergo surface-catalyzed reactions and on desorption yield compounds different than those originally sampled. High-molecular-weight compounds cannot be desorbed because of extremely strong interactions with the adsorbent and their low volatility. To overcome some of these problems sample-preparation techniques based on polydimethylsiloxane sorption have been developed over the past 15 years. In contrast with adsorptive trapping, sorption is based on dissolution of the analytes in a liquid polymeric material. This is a much more inert means of solute retention which overcomes some of the limitations encountered when working with adsorbents. In this contribution, the basic principles of sorption, the different instrumentation used, and applications of the technique will be reviewed. The review covers the sorptive sample-preparation techniques, open-tubular trapping (OTT), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), gum-phase extraction (GPE), equilibrium gum-phase extraction (EGPE), and stir-bar-sorptive extraction (SBSE). Because of the nature of sorptive sample-preparation techniques, which perform particularly well in combination with thermal desorption, this review focuses strongly on gas chromatography as the means of chemical analysis.

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Section: Static Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lövkvist and Jönsson [2] compared several dedicated equations for breakthrough curves at low plate numbers and suggested the following expression, which they found to be valid for strongly retained compounds.…”

Section: Integral Breakthrough Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Baltussen¹,

2002

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“…For columns with low plate numbers, as may be the case with the radionuclide sensors, we described a Low Plate Model (LPM) based on breakthrough profile equations proposed by Lovkist. [55,56] The plots in Figure 3 show actual data as traces or data points. The model fits to the data are solid lines, and clearly provide a very accurate fit.…”

Section: Equilibration-based Sensing Theory (Pnnl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclide Sensors for Subsurface Water Monitoring

DeVol¹

2006

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“…where the first part on the right-hand side represents the kinetic contribution to retention (allowing for the fact that sorbent cartridges provide very few theoretical plates, N, and a0, al, and a2 are numerical coefficients that depend on the breakthrough level and N, and are evaluated from tables [54]) and VM is the cartridge holdup volume. The breakthrough volume depends largely on the retention factor provided that N is large enough to avoid premature breakthrough.…”

Section: Solvent Effects On Solid-phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of solvent effects on retention for a porous polymer sorbent in reversed phase liquid chromatography

Bolliet

Poole

1997

Chromatographia

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SummaryThe influence of acetonitrile, methanol and isopropanol as retention selectivity modifiers in reversed phase liquid chromatography on a poly(styrene-divinylbenzene) macroporous polymer sorbent (PLRP-S) is evaluated using the solvation parameter model. Retention results from a combination of adsorption and partitioning and is influenced by the equilibrium absorption of organic solvent by the polymer from the mobile phase. The sorption of solutes is dominated by the ease of cavity formation in or on the solvated sorbent, with a small contribution from lone pair-lone pair electron interactions. All polar interactions, such as dipole-type and hydrogenbond formation, are more favorable in the mobile phase and reduce retention. Changes in the uptake of organic solvent from the mobile phase affect kinetic properties of the column such as band broadening and porosity as well as retention. The PLRP-S solvated sorbent is suitable for solid-phase extraction and is more retentive than typical silica-based, bonded phase sorbents for extraction from water. As a surrogate system for estimating solute lipophilicity and biological activity through retention-property correlations it provides a poor fit for hydrogen-bond acid solutes and is too dipolar/polarizable to fit some models.

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Capacity of sampling and preconcentration columns with a low number of theoretical plates

Abstract: This material was prepared with the support of U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE-FG05-84ER13292; however, any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the DOE.

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Sorptive sample preparation – a review

Radionuclide Sensors for Subsurface Water Monitoring

Influence of solvent effects on retention for a porous polymer sorbent in reversed phase liquid chromatography

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