Capacity of $2\times2$  MIMO HF NVIS Channels With Linearly Polarized Horizontal Antennas

Umaisaroh, Umaisaroh; Hendrantoro, Gamantyo; Mauludiyanto, Achmad; Fukusako, Takeshi

doi:10.1109/lwc.2019.2908648

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The authors of [ 16 ] highlighted the importance of using both ordinary and extraordinary waves for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in the case of NVIS propagation, and the cross-correlation of both channels was analyzed for narrowband transmissions. A channel model for dual polarized MIMO communications was proposed in [ 17 ] and some high throughput testbeds are presented in [ 18 , 19 ], where the improved channel capacity was analyzed. Our team, after evaluating the polarization diversity for long-haul HF links between the Antarctic and Spain [ 20 ], is now considering the dual-polarized reception for a NVIS sensors network in order to decrease either the transmission power or the size of the antennas.…”

Section: The Ionosphere and Polarization Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Ionospheric Modes for NVIS Digital Communications Channels

Male

Porte

Gonzalez

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Sensor networks have become more popular in recent years, now featuring plenty of options and capabilities. Notwithstanding this, remote locations present many difficulties for their study and monitoring. High-frequency (HF) communications are presented as an alternative to satellite communications, being a low-cost and easy-to-deploy solution. Near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) technology provides a coverage of approximately 250 km (depending on the frequency being used and the ionospheric conditions) without a line of sight using the ionosphere as a communication channel. This paper centers on the study of the ionosphere and its characteristic waves as two independent channels in order to improve any NVIS link, increasing its robustness or decreasing the size of the node antennas through the appliance of specific techniques. We studied the channel sounding of both the ordinary and extraordinary waves and their respective channels, analyzing parameters such as the delay spread and the channel’s availability for each wave. The frequency instability of the hardware used was also measured. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient of the impulse response between both signals was studied. Finally, we applied polarization diversity and two different combining techniques. These measurements were performed on a single frequency link, tuned to 5.4 MHz. An improvement on the mean bit energy-to-noise power spectral density (Eb/N0) was received and the bit error rate (BER) was achieved. The results obtained showed that the extraordinary mode had a higher availability throughout the day (15% more availability), but a delayed spread (approximately 0.3 ms mean value), similar to those of the ordinary wave. Furthermore, an improvement of up to 4 dB was achieved with the usage of polarization diversity, thus reducing transmission errors.

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Section: The Ionosphere and Polarization Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Ionospheric Modes for NVIS Digital Communications Channels

Male

Porte

Gonzalez

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…U. Umaisaroh in [16] studied the NVIS channel with a 2 × 2 MIMO link. An improvement of the communication's capacity is achieved, as it focused on the throughput improvement compared to a SISO environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Polarization Techniques for Robust NVIS Remote Sensing Platforms

et al. 2020

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Every year more interest is focused on high frequencies (HF) communications for remote sensing platforms due to their capacity to establish links of more than 250 km without a line of sight and due to them being a low-cost alternative to satellite communications. In this article, we study the ionospheric ordinary and extraordinary waves to improve the applications of near vertical incidence skywave (NVIS) on a single input multiple output (SIMO) configuration. To obtain the results, we established a link of 95 km to test the diversity combining of ordinary and extraordinary waves by using selection combining (SC) and equal-gain combining (EGC) on a remote sensing platform. The testbench is based on digital modulation transmissions with power transmission between 3 and 100 W. The results show us the main energy per bit to noise spectral density ratio (Eb/N0) and the bit error rate (BER) differences between ordinary and extraordinary waves, SC, and EGC. To conclude, diversity techniques show us a decrease of the power transmission need, allowing for the use of compact antennas and increasing battery autonomy. Furthermore, we present three different improvement options for NVIS SIMO remote sensing platforms depending on the requirements of bitrate, power consumption, and efficiency of communication.

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Performance analysis of multi-hop token relay strategy in HF networks

2023

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High Frequency (HF) tactical link is one of the most widely used types of long-range telecommunication.Media Access Control (MAC) protocols play a pivotal role in HF network management by affecting data transmission. STANAG 5066 in its 3rd edition recommends HF Wireless Token Ring Protocol (HFWTRP) as a MAC protocol with some features dedicated to HF networks. To deal with temporary link interruption as a natural speci cation in the HF channel, Relay strategy in HFWTRP is proposed to provide better throughput under this situation. Even though one-hop relay is considered in STANAG, multi-hop relay can retain throughput in more link outages when there are mobile nodes or variable environment like weather changes. Based on the algorithm of the relay in STANAG, a loop in multi-hop relay should be found which can be a detrimental effect on the network and can be solved by adding some bits as relay controller in management frame of HFWTRP. This paper presents a proper evaluation on effect of one-hope relay in the Quality of Service (QoS) of HF networks. Additionally, two-hope relay as a multi-hop relay in the HFWTRP based on the proposed solution for loop creation are simulated and analysed too. The results obtained by NS3 simulator show that two-hop relay in long duration of link outages like 90% probability of disconnection gives 700 bps more throughput with acceptable mean delay vs one-hop relay.

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Capacity of $2\times2$ MIMO HF NVIS Channels With Linearly Polarized Horizontal Antennas

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Ionospheric Modes for NVIS Digital Communications Channels

Analysis of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Ionospheric Modes for NVIS Digital Communications Channels

Ionospheric Polarization Techniques for Robust NVIS Remote Sensing Platforms

Performance analysis of multi-hop token relay strategy in HF networks

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