Capacity limits in the detection and identification of change have implications for models of visual short term memory

Wilken, Patrick; Mattingley, Jason B.

doi:10.1167/2.7.293

Cited by 6 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Gill andDallenbach, 1926 , survey early experimental work. See also Fernberger,1921, and the excellent literature review in Wilken, 2001 , to which I am indebted. Much of the literature in this area focuses on immediate numerosity judgments (what Kaufman, Lord, Reese, & Volkmann, 1949 , later termed "subitizing"), as opposed to the reporting of specific letters in Cattell and Sperling.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention: philosophical and psychological essays

2012

Choice Reviews Online

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Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The locus classicus for numerosity judgments is Jevons's 1871 investigation inspired by Hamilton, 1859 , 252f. 2. There is a further question as to how exactly a capacity limit should be understood; see Wilken, 2001 ; and Wilken and Ma, 2004 . 3. Cf.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention: philosophical and psychological essays

2012

Choice Reviews Online

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“…Logically, there are several ways that vSTM could store information. For instance, Wilken (2001) suggests an 'item' in vSTM could represent the following:…”

Section: The Vstm Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This undermines the feature-based interpretation, because it suggests that multiple features within the same channel are monitored in parallel when they belong to the same object. Luck and Vogel (1997) Experiments 1-4 of Patrick Wilken's PhD thesis (see Wilken, 2001), re-examined the findings of Luck and Vogel (1997) and failed to replicate the results of their critical bi-coloured condition. Specifically, Wilken (2001) found that performance decreased with the number of features changing, rather than with the number of objects changing, even though conditions in Experiments 1-4 got successively closer to those of Luck and Vogel (1997).…”

Section: The Luck and Vogel (1997) Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Visual Change Detection to Examine the Functional Architecture of Visual Short-Term Memory

Burmester¹

2020

Preprint

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A common problem in vision research is explaining how humans perceive a coherent, detailed and stable world despite the fact that the eyes make constant,jumpy movements and the fact that only a small part of the visual field can beresolved in detail at any one time. This is essentially a problem of integrationover time - how successive views of the visual world can be used to create theimpression of a continuous and stable environment. A common way of studyingthis problem is to use complete visual scenes as stimuli and present a changedscene after a disruption such as an eye movement or a blank screen. It is found inthese studies that observers have great difficulty detecting changes made duringa disruption, even though these changes are immediately and easily detectablewhen the disruption is removed. These results have highlighted the importance ofmotion cues in tracking changes to the environment, but also reveal the limitednature of the internal representation. Change blindness studies are interestingas demonstrations but can be difficult to interpret as they are usually applied tocomplex, naturalistic scenes. More traditional studies of scene analysis, such asvisual search, are more abstract in their formulation, but offer more controlledstimulus conditions. In a typical visual search task, observers are presented withan array of objects against a uniform background and are required to report onthe presence or absence of a target object that is differentiable from the otherobjects in some way. More recently, scene analysis has been investigated bycombining change blindness and visual search in the ‘visual search for change’paradigm, in which observers must search for a target object defined by a changeover two presentations of the set of objects. The experiments of this thesis investigate change blindness using the visual search for change paradigm, but alsouse principles of design from psychophysical experiments, dealing with detectionand discrimination of basic visual qualities such as colour, speed, size, orientationand spatial frequency. This allows the experiments to precisely examine the roleof these different features in the change blindness process. More specifically, theexperiments are designed to look at the capacity of visual short-term memory fordifferent visual features, by examining the retention of this information acrossthe temporal gaps in the change blindness experiments. The nature and fidelityof representations in visual short-term memory is also investigated by manipulating (i) the manner in which featural information is distributed across space andobjects, (ii) the time for which the information is available, (iii) the manner inwhich observers must respond to that information. Results point to a model inwhich humans analyse objects in a scene at the level of features/attributes ratherthan at a pictorial/object level. Results also point to the fact that the working representations which humans retain during visual exploration are similarlyfeature- rather than object-based. In conclusion the thesis proposes a model ofscene analysis in which attention and vSTM capacity limits are used to explainthe results from a more information theoretic standpoint.

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“…Taylor, Hoy, and Haley (1996) state that the advertising creativity definitions vary across different cultures, but certain vital factorsseem to be common such as novelty and meaningfulness. Wilken (2001) while summarizing all available range of definitions concludes that creativity comprises the creation of fresh ideas or the recombination of certain features to bring out something novel, bringing out valuable solutions to a problem. All of these definitions either directly or indirectly confirm novelty and meaningfulness in advertisements as the dimensions of creativity (Ang et al, 2007).…”

Section: Content Analysis Of Television Advertisementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Content Analysis of Award Winning Television Advertisements: Implications for Advertising Creativity in Pakistan

2019

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The advertising professionals and agencies are always doing their level best to develop eye-catching and heart touching creative advertisements so that companies get sufficient return on their advertising expenditures. Moreover, advertising researchers have consensus on the conceptualization of advertising creativity and ascertain that creative advertisements are both novel and meaningful. However, which of the advertising elements such as advertising jingles, slogan, character, storyline and advertising drama contribute to advertising creativity is one of the recent issues that has been least studied. The aim of this study is to investigate how these advertising elements contribute towards enhancing the advertising novelty and meaningfulness, the two foremost dimensions of advertising creativity. Towards this end, forty-one award-winning television advertisements are reassessed for creativity (study one) and subsequently, eleven ads are content analyzed (study two) for its role in enhancing advertising novelty and advertising meaningfulness. The mean analysis of novelty and meaningfulness for the respective advertising elements provide evidence that advertising slogan and dramatization had a significant impact in enhancing advertising creativity. It is also paramount to mention that other advertising elements including jingles, character and storyline though did not attain significance, however, also reflected sufficient agreement for its contribution to ad novelty and meaningfulness. The study findings present valuable implications for business and advertising professionals in Pakistan. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

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Capacity limits in the detection and identification of change have implications for models of visual short term memory

Cited by 6 publications

References 128 publications

Attention: philosophical and psychological essays

Attention: philosophical and psychological essays

Using Visual Change Detection to Examine the Functional Architecture of Visual Short-Term Memory

Content Analysis of Award Winning Television Advertisements: Implications for Advertising Creativity in Pakistan

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