Capacity for somatic embryogenesis of adult oil palm genitors (Elaeis guineensis, var. Pisifera) from immature leaf tissues

Barroso

et al. 2020

Forests

Climatic variations in the current environmental scenario require plants with tolerance to sudden changes in temperature and a decrease in water availability. Accordingly, this tolerance will enable successful plantations and the maintenance of natural and planted forests. Consequently, in the last two decades, drought tolerance and high temperatures in conifers have been an important target for morphological, physiological, and epigenetic studies. Based on this, our research team has optimized different stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pinus spp. improving the success of the process. Through this method, we can obtain a large amount of clonal material and then analyze the somatic plants under different conditions ex vitro. The analysis of the morphological and physiological parameters in somatic embryos (ses) and plants with different tolerances to abiotic stress can provide us with valuable information about the mechanisms used by plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of high temperatures (23, 40, 50, and 60 °C, after 12 weeks, 90, 30, 5 min, respectively) on the morphology of somatic embryos obtained from Pinus radiata D.Don (Radiata pine) and Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine). In addition, we carried out a physiological evaluation of the somatic plants of P. radiata submitted to heat and water stress in a greenhouse. We observed that the number of somatic embryos was not affected by maturation temperatures in both species. Likewise, P. radiata plants obtained from these somatic embryos survived drought and heat stress in the greenhouse. In addition, plants originating from embryonal masses (EMs) subjected to high maturation temperature (40 and 60 °C) had a significant increase in gs and E. Therefore, it is possible to modulate the characteristics of somatic plants produced by the manipulation of environmental conditions during the process of SE.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pinus spp. Somatic Embryo Conversion under High Temperature: Effect on the Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Plantlets

Barroso

et al. 2020

Forests

“…Explants that produced less callus (150 µM picloram, Figure 4B) also darkened more frequency (Figure 5B), which is consistent with published evidence (reviewed by Viñas and Jiménez, 2011). However, it was also observed that darkened explants of peach palm could form a callus and even embryogenic structures, as has been reported for date palm (Al-Khayri, 2018), and has even been proposed to be a requirement for callus development in African oil palm (Almeida et al, 2020). Therefore, darkened or oxidized peach palm explants should not be discarded a priori, as they may still be responsive.…”

Section: Explant Anatomy and Callus Induction And Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from transverse thin cell layers of adult peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) lateral offshoots

et al. 2022

In this work, we report a successful protocol to obtain in vitro peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) “Diamantes 10” plants through somatic embryogenesis from transverse thin cell layer (TCL) explants, dissected from three sections (basal, medial, and apical) of lateral offshoots of adult plants cultured on different concentrations of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolonic acid (picloram). After swelling and development of primary callus in all treatments, without any strong effect of explant origin or picloram concentration, it was possible to observe the formation of embryogenic structures and the exact point from where they developed. Browning was also observed and correlated to the induction treatments, although it was not an impairment for the production of embryogenic structures. Subsequent maturation and conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets allowed their acclimatization 17 months after culture initiation (ACI), which was quicker than previous reports with juvenile tissues (from embryos or seed-germinated plantlets). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on peach palm regeneration through somatic embryogenesis from TCL explants from adult plants and could constitute, after fine-tuning the acclimatization stage, a tool for mass clonal propagation of elite genotypes of this open-pollinated crop, as well as for the establishment of conservation strategies of in situ gene bank plant accessions endangered due to aging and other threats.

Crop Breed. Appl. Biotechnol.

“…Short-term gains can be achieved by selecting male genitors in E. guineensis, while medium-and long-term gains are obtained by selecting both genitors, as well as by cloning in vitro F 1 hybrids (Gomes Júnior et al 2019). The cloning protocol is at an advanced stage of development, where the process is carried out mainly via somatic embryogenesis, with differential response of genotypes to callus induction, being a character that can be improved (Santos et al 2018, Almeida et al 2019, Almeida et al 2020 Two limiting factors stand out in oil palm breeding: the need for large areas to evaluate a significant number of genotypes and progenies; and the long period of each selection cycle, about 20 years to close a single cycle (Wong andBernardo 2008, Rivas et al 2012).…”

Section: Sfs Chaves Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of breeding to agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon. I. Açaí palm and oil palm

Chaves

Alves

Dias

2021

Sustainable development in the Amazon involves moderate actions that combine technology-based agriculture with forest conservation. One of these actions is the genetic breeding of native species, which promotes cultural appreciation of the local society, and enables the opening of new markets. As an example, two breeding programs with solid results will be mentioned in this review: açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and E. oleifera (Kunth.) Cortés). Despite its importance, the prospects for breeding programs on Amazon are not optimistic. Factors intrinsic to plants, such as their incipient domestication, as well as their perennial nature and the difficulty linked to the improvement of plants in this category; and extrinsic factors, such as the lack of resources and specialized labour, in addition to the deficiency in logistics, are growing challenges that make it difficult to implementation of new programs and expansion of existing ones.