Capacity Analysis for Approach Channels Shared by LNG Carriers

Abstract

The transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) has significant impact on traffic capacity of waterways, especially the approach channels shared by LNG carriers and other types of ships (general cargo ships, container ships, etc.). Few studies take the behavioral characteristics of LNG carriers and their impacts into consideration. In this paper, we propose a framework for capacity analysis of shared approach channels based on the spatial–temporal consumption method. It consists of three modules: (1) the tide module predicts the tidal height and tidal time for identifying the time windows for LNG carriers; (2) the spatial–temporal consumption module is introduced to calculate the capacity of approach channels; (3) the LNG carrier navigation module is for analyzing the characteristics of LNG carriers and the impact on the capacity of approach channels. A spatial–temporal indexed chart is designed to visualize the utilization of the spatial–temporal resources. A case study on the approach channel of Yueqing Bay near the east coast of China is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the framework. The utilization rates of the approach channel and the impact of LNG carriers are presented using our method. The results of the case study indicate that the proposed traffic capacity analyzing framework can provide support for making traffic management strategies.

Effect of Dynamic Safety Distance of Heterogeneous Traffic Flows on Ship Traffic Efficiency: A Prediction and Simulation Approach

“…Building on the spatial-temporal consumption theory, Liu et al (2016) formulated a channel throughput capability computation model that accounts for the dynamic maritime domain. Gao et al (2020) similarly leveraging the spatial-temporal consumption theory, probed into the ramifications of LNG ship navigation on the throughput capabilities of seaport channels. Liu et al (2020) and collaborators, anchored in Automatic Identification System (AIS) data, analysed the traffic flow characteristics of ships entering and exiting ports.…”

The structural evolution of Mo2C and Mo2C/SiO2 under dry reforming of methane conditions: morphology and support effects

“…11,17 Approaches to yield nanostructured Mo 2 C dispersed on a support can results in catalysts with an improved performance relative to the unsupported bulk carbides. [17][18][19] Mo 2 C-based catalysts are typically obtained by the carburization of a molybdenum oxide precursor such as MoO 3 (supported or unsupported). 7,[20][21][22] The structure and morphology of the pre-catalyst may influence the carburization pathways, the structure of the activated catalyst, its stability under DRM conditions and, thus, its performance.…”

“…7,[20][21][22] The structure and morphology of the pre-catalyst may influence the carburization pathways, the structure of the activated catalyst, its stability under DRM conditions and, thus, its performance. 7,11,[16][17][18] The further rational development of Mo 2 C-based catalysts requires an understanding of their activation and deactivation routes, i.e., understanding of the structural evolution under pre-treatment and operating conditions. 11 In this work, using Mo K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) we compare the carburization pathways of unsupported α-MoO 3 nanobelts (α-MoO 3 -nb) to that of silica-supported delaminated nanosheets of MoO 3 to yield, respectively, -Mo 2 C-nb and Mo 2 C/SiO 2 .…”