Capacitor Voltage Estimation Scheme With Reduced Number of Sensors for Modular Multilevel Converters

Abushafa, O; Gadoue, Shady; Dahidah, Mohamed; Atkinson, David; Missailidis, Petros

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2018.2797245

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…References [48], [49] provide more information about this method. Focusing on MMCs, there are recent works [49]- [51] proposing centralised KFbased observers for implementing sensorless control schemes. In their implementation, they perform operations among matrices, increasing the computational burden for the central controller.…”

Section: Proposed Kalman Filter-based Methods For Detecting Fdias And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their implementation, they perform operations among matrices, increasing the computational burden for the central controller. Indeed, as discussed in [52], the algorithm complexity of the KF proposed in [49]- [51] is O(m 2.376 + n 2 ), where m is the observation dimension, and n the number of states, which makes its implementation in MMCs with high number of SMs difficult. Thus, distributed KF-based observers can be an effective solution to overcome this issue.…”

Section: Proposed Kalman Filter-based Methods For Detecting Fdias And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyber-Attacks in Modular Multilevel Converters

Burgos-Mellado

Donoso

Dragičević

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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Distributed control of modular multilevel converter (MMC) submodules (SMs) offers several potential benefits such as flexibility, scalability and modularity. In this approach, lowlevel control tasks, such as capacitor voltage balancing, can be distributed amongst controllers placed in the SMs. This decreases the computational burden for the central control system that performs high-level control tasks; also, a single point of failure is avoided. Distributed control architecture requires a cyberphysical network (CFN) through which local controllers share all the information necessary to perform their respective control loops. To date, none of the reported works in this field have paid attention to potential imperfections in the CFN. Indeed, previous works are based on the assumption that the network always provides correct information to the local controllers. However, erroneous measurements in the CFN may degrade the distributed control scheme operation, leading to suboptimal or even unstable operation. These events can occur in the presence of cyberattacks, for example, which can be created through illegitimate data intrusion into the distributed control architectures. This paper is the first to investigate the impacts of cyber-attacks on distributed control schemes used in MMCs. The effects of a specific cyber-attack, named false data injection attack (FDIA), on a consensus-based distributed control strategy are studied in this work. Additionally, a method for detecting FDIAs is proposed, along with a countermeasure strategy, to ensure the safe operation of the MMC whilst the attack is cleared. The proposals reported in this paper are validated using simulation and experimental results.

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Section: Proposed Kalman Filter-based Methods For Detecting Fdias And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proposed Kalman Filter-based Methods For Detecting Fdias And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber-Attacks in Modular Multilevel Converters

Burgos-Mellado

Donoso

Dragičević

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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“…Nevertheless, status of SM capacitors is required for SM insertion. In previous works, 28,29 the voltage sensors are eliminated, but an estimation technique is required for the status of capacitor. Topology is altered for sensorless voltage balancing 30–32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorless voltage balancing method for modular multilevel converter

Gobburi

Borghate

Meshram

2022

Circuit Theory & Apps

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Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have become prominent for high and medium power applications. The phase-disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) technique is a carrier-based method that generates good quality output. However, it has the inherent problem of uneven power distribution. Conventionally, this is solved by expensive voltage and current measurements. In this paper, a capacitor voltage balancing method is presented for MMC, which eliminates the need for voltage and current sensors. It also ensures uniform power distribution among the submodules (SMs). In addition, it needs only one carrier per phase, and one PWM reference, for either upper arm or lower arm to produce N + 1 level with N SMs per arm. The capacitor voltage balancing method is analyzed mathematically and verified for the MMC with two-level half-bridge SMs. The same method is also extended to the MMC with three-level flying capacitor SMs. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations and experimental results on a laboratory prototype are presented to verify the theoretical concepts. K E Y W O R D Smodular multilevel converter (MMC), sensorless voltage balancing, single-carrier PWM, three-level flying capacitor submodule (3L-FCSM)

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“…In software-based methods, the SM capacitor voltages are estimated through the system dynamics along with a number of extra sensors. The individual capacitor voltages can be estimated with weighted recursive least square algorithm [7] or Kalman Filter [8], where extra voltage sensors are equipped to measure the arm voltages. Similarly, an adaptive linear neuron algorithm is used in [9], where the voltages on the arm inductors are measured by extra voltage sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double Half-Bridge Submodule-Based Modular Multilevel Converters With Reduced Voltage Sensors

Liu

Deng

Wang

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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The half-bridge (HB) submodule (SM) based MMC requires a large number of sensors to measure capacitor voltages. In this letter, a double half-bridge (DHB) SM based MMC is proposed, where each SM consists of two HBs. But only one voltage sensor is equipped in each DHB-SM for capacitor voltage estimation, which is connected between positive poles of two capacitors in the DHB-SM. A capacitor voltage estimation method is also proposed, which can estimate capacitor voltages in the proposed MMC with only a half number of voltage sensors in comparison with HB-SM based MMCs. A DHB-SM based threephase MMC is simulated with PSCAD/EMTDC and A DHB-SM based single-phase MMC prototype is built in laboratory. Both the simulation and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. 1 Index terms-Half bridge, modular multilevel converters, voltage sensor, submodule.

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Capacitor Voltage Estimation Scheme With Reduced Number of Sensors for Modular Multilevel Converters

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Cyber-Attacks in Modular Multilevel Converters

Cyber-Attacks in Modular Multilevel Converters

Sensorless voltage balancing method for modular multilevel converter

Double Half-Bridge Submodule-Based Modular Multilevel Converters With Reduced Voltage Sensors

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