Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor Studying Adsorption of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles

Abstract

Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta2O5-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta2O5-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.

Light-Addressable Actuator-Sensor Platform for Monitoring and Manipulation of pH Gradients in Microfluidics: A Case Study with the Enzyme Penicillinase

“…A zoom into this spot (right image) shows homogeneously distributed TMV particles with immobilized penicillinase. The TMV particles appear as typical 300 nm long nanotubes, as well as in shorter particle fractions (~50-200 nm) or elongated "end-to-end"-multimer structures (up to ~600 nm) as described in previous works as enzyme nanocarriers on a Ta 2 O 5 -sensor surface [24,26].…”

“…For enzyme immobilization, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles were utilized as enzyme nanocarriers. A TMV variant (S3C) that exposes a cystein residue on each coat protein was used [24,25]. To functionalize the TMV particles, bifunctional biotin-linker molecules (EZ-Link Maleimide-PEG11-Biotin, ThermoScientific, Rockford, IL, USA) were covalently bound to the thiol groups located on the surface of each coat protein, as described in [26][27][28].…”

World Society for Virology first international conference: Tackling global virus epidemics

“…Christina Wege, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany, talked about plant viral nanoparticles with multivalent protein shells, which can serve as advantageous carrier scaffolds – straight, branched or star-shaped TMV nanotubes – for displaying biomolecules for various purposes, including diagnostics. These versatile opportunities provided by TMV-based hybrid structures point at many potential uses, due to the easy handling and high availability of the natural plant-made building blocks ( Jablonski et al, 2021 ; Poghossian et al, 2020 ).…”

Towards Multi-Analyte Detection with Field-Effect Capacitors Modified with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Bioparticles as Enzyme Nanocarriers

“…EIS capacitors (EISCAP) are considered as the simplest type of such field-effect sensors [ 10 ]. They have been implemented for detecting various biochemical species such as ions [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], charged molecules (DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], protein biomarkers [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], polyelectrolytes [ 23 , 24 ]), virus-like particles [ 25 , 26 ], ligand-stabilized nanoparticles [ 27 , 28 ], etc. In addition, numerous enzyme-modified EISCAP biosensors were constructed for the detection of various analytes such as glucose [ 29 , 30 , 31 ], urea [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], creatinine [ 33 ], penicillin [ 31 , 34 ], formaldehyde [ 35 ], triglycerides [ 36 ], and acetoin [ 37 ].…”