“…Resilience intervention programs, in particular, have been developed in different contexts in the general population and have generally been associated with positive health outcomes ( Calitz, 2018 ). For example, resilience intervention programs implemented within academic contexts in the USA, Iran, and South Africa were found to be beneficial for emotional resilience among children ( Stallard et al, 2005 ); emotional intelligence of adolescents ( Adibsereshki et al, 2019 ); and constructive adjustment to challenges for teachers ( Joubert and Hay, 2019 ), respectively. Furthermore, individuals with a history of trauma and adverse childhood experiences post resilience intervention program participation, demonstrated new strengths and created and used interpersonal relationships as resources to buffer consequences of trauma ( Davis and Paster, 2000 ; Chandler et al, 2015 ).…”