Capacidade tamponante, pH e consistência das fezes em equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido

Santos, Tiago Marques dos; Almeida, Fernando Queiroz de; Godói, Fernanda Nascimento de; Silva, Vinicius Pimentel; França, Almira Biazon; Santiago, Juliano Martins; Santos, Caroline Spitz dos

doi:10.1590/s0103-84782009005000123

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Lopes et al (2004) observed lower values of water in the right dorsal colon contents, with a value of 89.6%, when horses were fed concentrate diets, compared to horses fed only hay diet, of 94.2%. Santos et al (2009) observed mean water concentration in horse right dorsal colon content of 93.4%, a value similar to that observed in this study.…”

Section: Itemsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There there wasn't any effect of soybean oil inclusion in horses' colon pH (P>0.05), averaging 6.46. This is below the value cited by Dukes (1996) of 7.09, but was similar to that reported by Santos et al (2009), evaluating digesta pH in segments of the gastrointestinal tract of horses fed diets with roughage: concentrate similar to the present study found the average pH in the right dorsal colon of 6.41. Water in the right dorsal colon contents did not differ (P>0.05) in horses fed control diet and diet with soybean oil, averaging of 91.6% (Table 6).…”

Section: Itemsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Soybean Oil in Horses’ Diets

Almeida¹,

Godói²

2011

Soybean and Nutrition

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There is interest in the use of oils and fat in horses' diets aiming to increase energy consumption by animals with high energy requirements, provide essential fatty acids, increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, reduction of the caloric increment, increase energy efficiency and reduce dust from ration avoiding upper respiratory tract diseases (Palmiquist, 1988). High-performance athletic horses are usually fed diets with high inclusion levels of grain to reach energy requirements, which can cause intestinal acidosis, gastrointestinal mucosal injury and disorders in the microbial ecosystem, causing colic and laminitis. According to Holland et al. (1996), horses fed diets with oil reduced the activity and excitability. Horses use non-structural carbohydrates such starch, maltose and sucrose as a primary source of energy, being hydrolyzed and absorbed as glucose in the small intestine. However, intestinal amylase activity is limited in the equine species and, because of the low stomach capacity, providing large amounts of starch in the diet compromises digestion in the small intestine, increasing intake of rapidly fermentable carbohydrate in the coloncecum, which may contribute to metabolic complications such as endotoxemy, colic and laminitis (NRC, 2007). Critical capacity for overload of hydrolysable carbohydrate digestion is approximately 0.4% of horse body weight (Potter et al., 1992). It is known that the intake of concentrate containing high levels of fats presents some a d v a n t a g e s i n m e t a b o l i c p o i n t o f v i e w a n d t h i s k i n d o f d i e t c a n r e d u c e t h e r i s k o f gastrointestinal disturbances, because the intake of fat stimulates the flow of digesta in the jejunum and ileum (Meyer et al., 1997). Oils and fats are used in horse diets to replace the hydrolysable and rapidly fermentable carbohydrates that are present in grains and cereals (Frape, 2004). Oils and fats addition in the diets of high activities sport horses aim to reach the high energy requirements and, according to NRC (2007), the increase on performance of athletic horses fed diets containing oils is due to better the energy / weight relation, with a reduction in dry matter intake and gastrointestinal tract weight; lower metabolic heat production associated to digestion and exercise; greater physical performance resulting from a lower muscle glycogen use, best performance in short distance running energy from anaerobic glycolysis and acidemia reduction during high intensity exercise. High fat level diets reduce the activity of lipase in adipose tissue and increase their activity in muscle, increase muscle glycogen stores, increasing the energy of the glycolytic pathway, www.intechopen.com Soybean and Nutrition 252 with fatigue delay during aerobic exercise with large duration, increase or maintain blood glucose concentration during extensive exercise and slow lactic acid accumulation during anaerobic exercise (Frape, 2004), more over improving respiratory and cardiac recovery post-exercise (Mattos et...

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Section: Itemsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Itemsupporting

confidence: 89%

Soybean Oil in Horses’ Diets

Almeida¹,

Godói²

2011

Soybean and Nutrition

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“…The greenish color and normal consistency of horse feces is due mainly to the color of the roughage used in diet and indicate possibly the good health of the gastrointestinal tract (SANTOS et al, 2009). Also, the observed pH 6.7 average is considered an optimal value for the fermentation in the large intestine, as reported by Van Soest (1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Defatted maize germ in equine diets

Giunco¹,

Ribeiro²,

Bertipaglia³

et al. 2016

Biosci. J.

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This study investigated the inclusion levels of defatted maize germ (DMG) in the diet of horses by determining the apparent digestibility coefficients of the nutrients, and the physicochemical parameters of feaces and blood samples. Four adult horses, weighing 483.3 ± 27.5 kg average, arranged in 4x4 Latin square were used. The energy provided by the diets came from hay, 50% (Jiggs hay), and from the concentrate, 50%, with increasing DMG levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%). Digestibility was determined using samples from total feaces collection. The characteristics of color, consistency, pH and buffering capacity (BC) 5 and 6 of the feaces were determined daily during the collection days. The blood samples were collected by venipuncture of the jugular, with vacuum tubes, to determine the concentration of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin using biochemical kits and the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, by gas chromatography. The diets did not affect significantly (P> 0.05) the digestibility of nutrients, fecal pH (mean 6.7), buffering capacity at pH 5 (22.7) and pH 6 (6.9), and fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids. Likewise, diets did not affect significantly (P> 0.05) the blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and total short-chain fatty acids. However, diets changed significantly (P <0.05) the blood concentrations of triglycerides, described by the equation ŷ = 30.62 + 0.26x. The triglycerides, glucose and insulin variables also changed significantly (P <0.05) over time, according to the following equations: ŷ = 32.30 + 0.87x; ŷ = 85.93 + 3.17x -0.61x²; and y = 3.19 + 1.38x -0.22x², respectively. The defatted maize germ can be included up to 30% of the concentrate (up to 9.6% of the diet) without changing the diet apparent digestibility coefficient, and feaces and blood physicochemical parameters. This ingredient can be an alternative for high fiber diets and can contribute to formulating diets with lower glycemic and insulinemic indexes.

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“…When the horses were fed a diet in which 75% of the dry matter was obtained from forage and 25% was obtained from concentrate, great variations in blood glucose, blood insulin and blood concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and SCFAs were not expected. Agreeing with Santos (2009) which states that the fibers have beneficial features such as: delay gastric emptying and intestinal transit, increase the absorption of water (reducing the occurrence of diarrhea), increase glucose tolerance and decrease the levels of total cholesterol.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of diets with increasing levels of citrus pulp on the blood parameters linked to energy metabolism in horses

et al. 2014

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Currently, the use of alternative energy ingredients for horses has increased because these foods contain "superfibers", making safer diet for these animals. To study the influence of diets containing increasing levels of citrus pulp on albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, insulin and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the blood, five animals were used, with an average age of 3.5 years and a live weight of 460.66±76.86 kg, they were fed twice a day, at 7:00 am and 4:00 pm. The diets were formulated to meet the requirements of the animals at maintenance. 60% of the energy was obtained from forage, and 40% from concentrate, containing the following inclusion levels of citrus pulp (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28%). The area under the curve (AUC) and the glucose and insulin peaks were calculated, and no differences were observed between the treatments. There was no effect of diet on the blood concentrations of the evaluated parameters tested, and there was no effect of the time of collection on the following variables: SCFAs, cholesterol, triglycerides and albumin. However, the diet did have quadratic effect on the glucose (Ŷ =-0.5327X²+4.2130X+84.5276) and insulin (Ŷ=-0.1002X² +0.8233X + 1.6336) concentrations. Up to 28% of the concentrate can be composed of citrus pulp in horse diets without causing any alterations on the concentrations of the parameters analyzed in the blood. High-fiber diets with easily fermentable fibers are beneficial because they maintain the glucose and insulin curves close to the baseline levels.

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Capacidade tamponante, pH e consistência das fezes em equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido

Abstract: IVCapacidade tamponante, pH e consistência das fezes em equinos submetidos à sobrecarga dietética com amido oito, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 36 hours post-overload, and immediately

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Soybean Oil in Horses’ Diets

Soybean Oil in Horses’ Diets

Defatted maize germ in equine diets

Effects of diets with increasing levels of citrus pulp on the blood parameters linked to energy metabolism in horses

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