Capability of SRTM C- and X-band DEM Data to Measure Water Elevations in Ohio and the Amazon

Kiel, B.; Alsdorf, D. E.; Lefavour, G.

doi:10.14358/pers.72.3.313

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The approach used by SWOT is similar to that of LeFavour and Alsdorf (2005) and Kiel et al (2006), who used Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data of the water surface to obtain slopes of the Amazon and Ohio rivers and, subsequently, to estimate channel discharge. However, for the Amazon, LeFavour and Alsdorf (2005) found vertical errors of 5.51 m in water-surface elevations from Cband SRTM data, meaning that a long-reach length of 733 km was required to reduce errors in derived water-surface slopes to 1.5 cm km −1 for the accurate estimation of channel discharge (6.2 % error at Manacapuru; 7.6 % at Itapeua).…”

Section: D Wilson Et Al: Swath-altimetry Measurements Of the Maimentioning

confidence: 99%

Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Wilson

Durand

Jung

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide a step-change improvement in the measurement of terrestrial surface-water storage and dynamics. In particular, it will provide the first, routine two-dimensional measurements of water-surface elevations. In this paper, we aimed to (i) characterise and illustrate in two dimensions the errors which may be found in SWOT swath measurements of terrestrial surface water, (ii) simulate the spatio-temporal sampling scheme of SWOT for the Amazon, and (iii) assess the impact of each of these on estimates of water-surface slope and river discharge which may be obtained from SWOT imagery. We based our analysis on a virtual mission for a ∼ 260 km reach of the central Amazon (Solimões) River, using a hydraulic model to provide water-surface elevations according to SWOT spatio-temporal sampling to which errors were added based on a two-dimensional height error spectrum derived from the SWOT design requirements. We thereby obtained water-surface elevation measurements for the Amazon main stem as may be observed by SWOT. Using these measurements, we derived estimates of river slope and discharge and compared them to those obtained directly from the hydraulic model. We found that cross-channel and along-reach averaging of SWOT measurements using reach lengths greater than 4 km for the Solimões and 7.5 km for Purus reduced the effect of systematic height errors, enabling discharge to be reproduced accurately from the water height, assuming known bathymetry and friction. Using cross-sectional averaging and 20 km reach lengths, resultsshow Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency values of 0.99 for the Solimões and 0.88 for the Purus, with 2.6 and 19.1 % average overall error in discharge, respectively. We extend the results to other rivers worldwide and infer that SWOT-derived discharge estimates may be more accurate for rivers with larger channel widths (permitting a greater level of cross-sectional averaging and the use of shorter reach lengths) and higher water-surface slopes (reducing the proportional impact of slope errors on discharge calculation).

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Section: D Wilson Et Al: Swath-altimetry Measurements Of the Maimentioning

confidence: 99%

Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Wilson

Durand

Jung

et al. 2015

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…DEM only represents the terrain, as it was at the time of data acquisition; hence any change on the ground surface made afterward would be absent in a DEM. Additionally, river longitudinal channel slope is often calculated from DEM elevations along the river [25,26]. It was observed that longitudinal channel slope (over entire study reach) calculated from base NED was more reliable than that of base SRTM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Conveyance-Based DEM Correction Technique on NED and SRTM DEMs for Flood Impact Assessment of the 2010 Cumberland River Flood

2017

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This study assessed the uncertainty in flood impact assessment (FIA) that may be introduced by errors in moderate resolution regional and moderate resolution global Digital Elevation Models (DEM). One arc-second National Elevation Dataset (NED) and one arc-second Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEMs were selected to represent moderate resolution regional and global DEMs. The relative performance for scenarios based on each of the DEMs was compared to a "control" terrain (combination of surveyed river bathymetry and a 1/3 arc-second LiDAR for floodplains)-based scenario. Furthermore, a conveyance-based DEM correction technique was applied to the DEMs for investigating the suitability of the technique on selected DEMs, and determining subsequent improvement in the FIA. The May 2010 flood on the Cumberland River near Nashville, TN, was selected as the case study. It was found that the hydraulic properties necessary to implement the selected DEM correction technique could be more readily estimated from NED compared to SRTM. However, this study also prescribed alternate methods to extract necessary hydraulic properties if the DEM quality was compromised. NED-based hydrodynamic modeling resulted in a high overestimation of the simulated flood stage, but the SRTM-based model was unable to produce any reasonable result prior to DEM correction. Nevertheless, after DEM correction, both models became stable and produced less error. Error in simulated flood consequence (i.e., total structures affected and total loss in dollars) also dropped accordingly, following the DEM correction. Therefore, application of this conveyance-based correction technique is reasonably effective on both moderate-resolution regional and global DEMs. The effectiveness of the technique on moderate resolution global DEM underscores the potential for users of remote and data-poor areas.

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“…SAR interferometry is an imaging method to measure the altitude of lake levels (Alsdorf et al, 2006). In-SAR data are a first step towards the simultaneous measurement of a water surface's elevation and areal extend (Alsdorf & Lettenmaier, 2003).…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In-SAR data are a first step towards the simultaneous measurement of a water surface's elevation and areal extend (Alsdorf & Lettenmaier, 2003). Investigating SRTM data, Kiel et al (2006) found that errors for C-band are smaller than for X-band. Overlaying multispectral scenes on high resolution DEMs is another approach to combine area and elevation measurements (Alsdorf et al, 2006).…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Investigating SRTM data, Kiel et al (2006) found that errors for C-band are smaller than for X-band. Overlaying multispectral scenes on high resolution DEMs is another approach to combine area and elevation measurements (Alsdorf et al, 2006). Satellite radar altimeters have become a common device to record water level changes of large lakes and inland seas (e.g., Birkett 1994Birkett , 1999Morris & Gill 1994).…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global change issues in developing and emerging countries

Kappas¹,

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2007

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Capability of SRTM C- and X-band DEM Data to Measure Water Elevations in Ohio and the Amazon

Cited by 33 publications

References 17 publications

Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Swath-altimetry measurements of the main stem Amazon River: measurement errors and hydraulic implications

Evaluating Conveyance-Based DEM Correction Technique on NED and SRTM DEMs for Flood Impact Assessment of the 2010 Cumberland River Flood

Global change issues in developing and emerging countries

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