Capability of cation exchange technology to remove proven N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors

Li, Shixiang; Zhang, Xulan; Bei, Er; Yue, Huihui; Lin, Pengfei; Wang, Jun; Zhang, Xiaojian; Chen, Chao

doi:10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.007

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…NDMA is particularly challenging for facilities purifying municipal wastewater effluents for potable reuse. The full advanced treatment (FAT) train frequently employed at these facilities consists of microfiltration (MF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes as physical barriers to contaminants, followed by an UV-based advanced oxidation process (AOP) as a photochemical barrier. , NDMA concentrations in sewage or primary effluents can be ≥30 ng/L. , NDMA precursors are associated with wastewater effluents, − and the chloramines applied to control biofouling on MF and RO membranes react with these precursors to form NDMA upstream of RO treatment. − Because NDMA is only partially rejected by RO membranes, ,− the AOP employs up to 1000 mJ/cm 2 UV fluence to reduce the NDMA concentrations in RO permeates to <10 ng/L. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation during UV/Hydrogen Peroxide and UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process Treatment Following Reverse Osmosis for Potable Reuse

Szczuka

Huang

MacDonald

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chloramines applied to control microfiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane biofouling in potable reuse trains form the potent carcinogen, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). In addition to degrading other contaminants, UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) strive to degrade NDMA by direct photolysis. The UV/chlorine AOP is gaining attention because of its potential to degrade other contaminants at lower UV fluence than the UV/hydrogen peroxide AOP, although previous pilot studies have observed that the UV/chlorine AOP was less effective for NDMA control. Using dimethylamine (DMA) as a model precursor and secondary municipal wastewater effluent, this study evaluated NDMA formation during the AOP treatment via two pathways. First, NDMA formation by UV treatment of monochloramine (NH 2 Cl) and chlorinated DMA (Cl-DMA) passing through RO membranes was maximized at 350 mJ/cm 2 UV fluence, declining at higher fluence, where NDMA photolysis outweighed NDMA formation. Second, this study demonstrated that chlorine addition to the chloramine-containing RO permeate during the UV/ chlorine AOP treatment initiated rapid NDMA formation by dark breakpoint reactions associated with reactive intermediates from the hydrolysis of dichloramine. At pH 5.7, this formation was maximized at a chlorine/ammonia molar ratio of 3 (out of 0−10), conditions typical for UV/chlorine AOPs. At 700 mJ/cm 2 UV fluence, which is applicable to current practice, NDMA photolysis degraded a portion of the NDMA formed by breakpoint reactions. Lowering UV fluence to ∼350 mJ/cm 2 when switching to the UV/chlorine AOP exacerbates effluent NDMA concentrations because of concurrent NDMA formation via the UV/NH 2 Cl/Cl-DMA and breakpoint chlorination pathways. Fluence >700 mJ/cm 2 or chlorine doses greater than the 3:1 chlorine/ammonia molar ratios under consideration for the UV/HOCl AOP treatment are needed to achieve NDMA control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation during UV/Hydrogen Peroxide and UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process Treatment Following Reverse Osmosis for Potable Reuse

Szczuka

Huang

MacDonald

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The results demonstrate that MMT-H + possesses an IEC for sodium ions in the feedwater approximately 14 times greater than that of the unmodified MMT. Although the cation exchange capacity of MMT-H + does not rival that of commercial deionization resin, which can reach up to 4.70 mequiv g –1 , it nonetheless had the potential to improve the salt rejection efficiency of the membrane …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the cation exchange capacity of MMT-H + does not rival that of commercial deionization resin, which can reach up to 4.70 mequiv g −1 , it nonetheless had the potential to improve the salt rejection efficiency of the membrane. 61 Based on Figure S1b, the adsorption isotherm of MMT-H + , as obtained from BET analysis, aligns closely with Type IV adsorption and exhibits an H3 hysteresis loop. This is indicative of a highly porous structure with a large Barrett, Joyner, Halenda (BJH) surface area of 356 m 2 g −1 , a significant increase that can be attributed to the elimination of Al 3+ and Fe 2/3+ from the interlayers, leading to the creation of many new pores both internally and externally.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Fabricated Pa-tfn Membranesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Electrospray Fabrication of Ultrathin Chlorine-Resistant Polyamide Brackish Water Desalination Membrane with Protonated Montmorillonite Nanoplates

Ee,

Chia,

2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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This research presents an innovative approach to the in situ interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) through the application of an electrospray fabrication method. The process incorporates exfoliated protonated montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT-H+) to modulate the diffusivity and reaction kinetics of the monomers, resulting in the successful fabrication of sub-5 nm polyamide thin films. The inclusion of 0.03% w/v MMT-H+ nanoplates in the thin-film nanocomposite membrane (PA_0.3HMMT) yields a remarkable resistance to chlorine degradation, withstanding up to 6,000 ppm·h of free chlorine exposure. This resistance prevents possible hydrolysis of the polyamide active layer during membrane cleaning. The resultant TFN membrane exhibits a high salt rejection of over 93.0% in brackish water reverse osmosis applications. Interestingly, chlorine treatment enhances the water permeance of the PA_0.3HMMT TFN membrane by 10.2% upon 2,000 ppm·h free chlorine exposure, without compromising salt rejection performance. The combination of the electrospray fabrication technique and MMT-H+ nanoclay integration offers a sustainable membrane solution for both seawater desalination and wastewater treatment. This study thus highlights the potential for significant advancements in water treatment technologies.

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“…Different strategies have been investigated to remove nitrosamine precursors from natural water sources, such as flocculation, membrane filtration, and adsorption. ,, Among these technologies, adsorption was regarded as one of the simplest to operate and cost-effective techniques to remove N -nitrosamine precursors. ,, The common adsorbents had been used to compare their abilities to the removal of nitrosamine precursors. , However, the studies indicated that the existing adsorbents, such as activated carbon, resin, zeolite, etc., presented a relatively low adsorption capacity of 4.0–12.6 mg g –1 to DMA and DEA, , which may come from their few effective functional groups on the material. Several methods have been studied to improve the removal of N -nitrosamine precursors by adsorbents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7,14 The common adsorbents had been used to compare their abilities to the removal of nitrosamine precursors. 15,16 However, the studies indicated that the existing adsorbents, such as activated carbon, resin, zeolite, etc., presented a relatively low adsorption capacity of 4.0−12.6 mg g −1 to DMA and DEA, 16,17 from their few effective functional groups on the material. Several methods have been studied to improve the removal of N-nitrosamine precursors by adsorbents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Aliphatic Amines by NiLa-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanostructures

Liu

Yin

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Dimethylamine (DMA) and diethylamine (DEA) as precursors for the formation of potentially N-nitrosamines are widespread in the environment, and the removal of these disinfection byproduct precursors from water is of great significance to control the quality of drinking water. In this study, a three-dimensional hierarchical NiLa-layered double hydroxide/biochar nanocomposite (NiLa-LDH/BC) was prepared to remove them from a synthetic solution and real surface water. NiLa-LDH nanoplatelets endowed the biochar with an improved porous structure, high functional groups, and more active metal sites. NiLa-LDH/BC exhibited a high DMA and DEA adsorption capacity of 46.45 and 40.10 mg g −1 , which is 6.31 and 7.85 times higher than that of BC, respectively. A fixed-bed column experiment revealed that NiLa-LDH/BC could last for ∼1860 to 2400 bed volumes (BVs) before a breakthrough occurred (approximately 9 times higher than that of BC). In addition, the leaching test and regeneration and toxicity test of Daphnia magna demonstrate the high stability (over 88% adsorption capacity after seven adsorption−desorption cycles), extremely low metal leaching (<0.01 mg g −1 ), and low toxicity (24h-EC 50 and 48h-EC 50 of the NiLa-LDH/BC leachates were 13.07 and 6.33%, respectively). According to material characterization, the main removal mechanism of DMA and DEA by NiLa-LDH/BC was electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and complexation. Density functional theory calculations were also applied to evaluate the DMA and DEA adsorption performance of materials. Overall, this study indicated that three-dimensional hierarchical NiLa-LDH/ BC can be promising in highly efficient removal of N-nitrosamine precursors from real surface water.

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Capability of cation exchange technology to remove proven N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation during UV/Hydrogen Peroxide and UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process Treatment Following Reverse Osmosis for Potable Reuse

N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation during UV/Hydrogen Peroxide and UV/Chlorine Advanced Oxidation Process Treatment Following Reverse Osmosis for Potable Reuse

Electrospray Fabrication of Ultrathin Chlorine-Resistant Polyamide Brackish Water Desalination Membrane with Protonated Montmorillonite Nanoplates

Removal of Aliphatic Amines by NiLa-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanostructures

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