Cap-binding complex protein p220 is not cleaved during echovirus 22 replication in HeLa cells

Abstract

Previously we demonstrated that echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus which does not shut off host cell protein synthesis. We extend these findings by showing that echovirus 22 does not cleave p220, part of the cellular cap-binding complex necessary for cap-dependent translation, suggesting a biology more consistent with cardioviruses than enteroviruses.

Molecular and biological characteristics of echovirus 22, a representative of a new picornavirus group

“…The work described here significantly extends our understanding of EV22, previously recognized in terms of its biological properties and nucleotide sequence as a rather atypical enterovirus (7,8,10,14,26,30). It confirms that, although EV22 shares some of the physical properties of enteroviruses such as pH stability and buoyant density, it is distinct in molecular terms and can be considered the first identified member of a novel picornavirus group.…”

“…As previously reported by others(7,8), in contrast to typical enteroviruses, infection with EV22 gives rise to no observableVOL. 68, 1994 on September 3, 2020 by guest http://jvi.asm.org/ Downloaded from…”

“…During their original characterization, it was observed that the cytopathic effect of EV22 and EV23 in cell cultures was incomplete when compared with that of typical echoviruses (30). Distinctive cytopathology in EV22-and EV23-infected cell cultures has also been reported by other investigators (15,26), with the shown that the host cell protein synthesis shutoff, mediated in part by P220 cleavage, which is usually observed in entero-, rhino-, and aphthovirus infections, is not seen in EV22infected cells (7,8). A further observation is the lack of inhibition of EV22 and EV23 replication by 2-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole, in contrast to other echoviruses (10).…”

Translational control by viral proteinases

“…Hepatitis A virus does not encode a 2A protease and its IRES requires intact eIF4GI for translation function . Similarly, echovirus 22 does not cleave eIF4GI during infection (Coller et al, 1991). Infection of HeLa cells with Sindbis virus, an alphavirus, also do not result in eIF4GI cleavage (Lloyd, unpublished data).…”

Specific detection of echoviruses 22 and 23 in cell culture supernatants by RT-PCR

“…E22 and E23 were originally classified as members of the genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) based on classic viral taxonomic characteristics [Wigand and Sabin, 1961]. They possess many properties, however, which distinguish them from other enteroviruses, including distinctive cytopathology and a failure to shut off host protein synthesis [Shaver et al, 1961;Wigand and Sabin, 1961;Coller et al, 1990], and it has been proposed that they be reclassified in a separate genus within the Picornaviridae [Coller et al, 1991;Hyypiä et al, 1992;Stanway et al, 1994]. Of particular importance for molecular diagnostic development, the nucleotide sequences of E22 and E23 are highly diverged from those of conventional enteroviruses [Stanway et al, 1994;Oberste et al, 1998].…”