CAOS-CMOS camera

Riza, Nabeel A.; Torre, J. Pablo La; Amin, M. Junaid

doi:10.1364/oe.24.013444

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…2(c) and 3(b), respectively. To further check the robustness of the CDMA-mode 43.9 dB DR reading, the extreme DR capability FDMA-TDMA [8] mode of the CAOS camera is deployed for this viewed un-attenuated target giving a measured image DR of 42 dB. This DR value is similar to the CMOS-mode and CDMA-mode image DRs, again pointing to the robustness of the CDMA-mode image extraction process when viewing the approximately 42 dB DR bright test target.…”

Section: Caos Smart Camera Cdma-mode Demonstration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The spectral versatility and device robustness offered via a point optical detector-based imager was recognized many years ago and led to efforts in the 1960's to construct optical cameras for space-borne applications [6,7]. Recently, introduced is a new variant of the point-PD based imager called the CAOS smart camera [8]. This collaborative camera design engages the DMD, the point PD, and a prior-art CMOS/CCD/FPA sensor combined with image processing methods, all working in unison to enable target extraction using Radio Frequency (RF) wireless inspired space-time-frequency coding and processing techniques for the imaged light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous demonstrations of the CAOS camera have deployed the FDMA-TDMA mode that engages time domain RF spectrum analysis via the DSP-based Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm to recover pixel irradiances levels. Ref [8] demonstrated white light imaging of a three target scenario with a 82 dB linear DR while [10] demonstrated a multi-spectral imager with an image pixel extreme linear DR reaching 136 dB. Use of TDMA combined with FDMA as well as a 400 Hz frame rate DMD limited the earlier demonstrated speed of operation of the CAOS camera to several minutes frame acquisition time [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstration of the CDMA-mode CAOS smart camera

Riza

Mazhar

2017

Opt. Express

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Demonstrated is the code division multiple access (CDMA)-mode coded access optical sensor (CAOS) smart camera suited for bright target scenarios. Deploying a silicon CMOS sensor and a silicon point detector within a digital micro-mirror device (DMD)-based spatially isolating hybrid camera design, this smart imager first engages the DMD starring mode with a controlled factor of 200 high optical attenuation of the scene irradiance to provide a classic unsaturated CMOS sensor-based image for target intelligence gathering. Next, this CMOS sensor provided image data is used to acquire a focused zone more robust un-attenuated true target image using the time-modulated CDMA-mode of the CAOS camera. Using four different bright light test target scenes, successfully demonstrated is a proof-of-concept visible band CAOS smart camera operating in the CDMA-mode using up-to 4096 bits length Walsh design CAOS pixel codes with a maximum 10 KHz code bit rate giving a 0.4096 seconds CAOS frame acquisition time. A 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with time domain correlation digital signal processing (DSP) generates the CDMA-mode images with a 3600 CAOS pixel count and a best spatial resolution of one micro-mirror square pixel size of 13.68 μm side. The CDMA-mode of the CAOS smart camera is suited for applications where robust high dynamic range (DR) imaging is needed for un-attenuated un-spoiled bright light spectrally diverse targets.

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Section: Caos Smart Camera Cdma-mode Demonstration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Demonstration of the CDMA-mode CAOS smart camera

Riza

Mazhar

2017

Opt. Express

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“…Most importantly, since the point photodetectors in the CAOS camera operate as linear response detectors with linear correlation and spectrum analysis signal processing low noise operations, a fundamentally linear camera with high linear dynamic range is possible. Given these capabilities with broadband optical spectrum operations, a hybrid CAOS-CMOS camera [26] for linear high dynamic range color imaging is a potential application where the linear dynamic range limitations (e.g., <60 dB) of the CMOS camera can be offset by the higher (i.e., >60 dB) linear dynamic range capabilities of the pixels-of-interest CAOS camera. In effect, the CMOS camera provides the fast access (e.g., 30 ms global frame time) high pixel count limited dynamic range color image while the CAOS camera recovers the much smaller pixel count (e.g., 1000) selective higher linear dynamic range pixel irradiances of the color image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Demonstration of Calibrated Color Imaging by the CAOS Camera

Riza

Ashraf

2021

Photonics

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The Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) camera is a novel, single unit, full spectrum (UV to short-wave IR bands), linear, high dynamic range (HDR) camera. In this paper, calibrated color target imaging using the CAOS camera and a comparison to a commercial HDR CMOS camera is demonstrated for the first time. The first experiment using a calibrated color check chart indicates that although the CMOS sensor-based camera has an 87 dB manufacturer-specified HDR range, unrestricted usage of this CMOS camera’s output range greatly fails quality color recovery. On the other hand, the intrinsically linear full dynamic range operation CAOS camera color image recovery generally matches the restricted linear-mode commercial CMOS sensor-based camera recovery for the presented 39.5 dB non-HDR target that also matches the near 40 dB linear camera response function (CRF) range of the CMOS camera. Specifically, compared to the color checker chart manufacturer provided XYZ values for the calibrated target, percentage XYZ mean errors of 8.3% and 10.9% are achieved for the restricted linear range CMOS camera and CAOS camera, respectively. An alternate color camera assessment gives CIE ΔE00 mean values of 4.59 and 5.7 for the restricted linear range CMOS camera and CAOS camera, respectively. Unlike the CMOS camera lens optics and its photo-detection electronics, no special linear response optics and photo-detector designs were used for the experimental CAOS camera, nevertheless, a good and equivalent color recovery was achieved. Given the limited HDR linear range capabilities of a CMOS camera and the intrinsically wide linear HDR capability of a CAOS camera, a combined CAOS-CMOS mode of the CAOS smart camera is prudent and can empower HDR color imaging. Applications for such a hybrid camera includes still photography imaging, especially for quantitative imaging of biological samples, valuable artworks and archaeological artefacts that require authentic color data generation for reliable medical decisions as well as forgery preventing verifications.

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“…On the other hand, recently proposed is the full spectrum CAOS camera based on the principles of multi-access Radio Frequency (RF) wireless network that uses image map light detection via AC time-frequency signal generation, DSP noise reduction and variable DSP processing gain to enable robust imaging with extreme linear DR and SNR control [6]. A prior CAOS camera design used the DMD to direct imaged light to the CMOS sensor that created image under-sampling as the DMD and CMOS sensor pixel grids were not 1:1 matched [7]. In addition, this CAOS design was tested with a limited 82 dB DR white light in-house constructed target that does not reach the typical 120 dB linear DR range common for natural scenes in night or bright sunshine conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%