Cantenna Adjustment with 1x6 Woodpile Shaped EBG for Application in Goat Manure Moisture Content and Bulk Density Monitoring

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the structural design of a cantenna with Woodpile shaped electromagnetic band gap (EBG) for gain enhancement and to increase the efficiency of signal transmission for measuring the moisture content and the bulk density of goat manure, which can help farmers reduce the cost of buying chemical fertilizers. From the test of operating frequency ranges from 2 to 3 GHz, it was found that the frequency band that responds to humidity the best is 2.60 GHz, increasing the efficiency of the gain with the 6 × 6 cm 2 Woodpile shaped EBG. It was arranged in transverse electric (TE) and placed parallel to the end of the cantenna. This allows the gain to be increased to 9.31 dBi, in which the cantenna structure without EBG has the gain of 7.32 dBi. When the cantenna is used to determine the moisture content (MC) and bulk density, the transmission distance between the cantenna Tx/Rx is 3 cm with an average power rating of 0.0001-0.5 mW. This cantenna can measure humidity in the unit of wet basis (wb.) as low as 0.14%wb., at an average power of 0.5 mW.

An Adjusted Waveguide Antenna with A Woodpile-Shaped EBG for Eucalyptus Wood Moisture Content Measurement

“…In the experiment, the antenna at 2.20 GHz was used in conjunction with woodpile EBG [22][23][24], as in Figure 3(a), and simulated on a polyester mylar film base plate with the thickness of a base material )h2( = 0.03 cm. The dielectric constant (ɛr) = 3.2.…”

“…In this experiment, the rectangular waveguide antenna from research [24] and [35,36] was used to determine the moisture content of eucalyptus wood with a diameter (a) = 4, 6 and 8 cm. The antenna was placed in 3 configurations: Transverse (R) = 0 °, oblique (R) = 45 ° and parallel (R) = 90 ° to the probe, as shown in Figure 1(a) and the antenna placement can be clearly seen in Figure 1(b).…”

“…Based on these challenges, this study reviewed the antennas that can transmit and receive signals by electromagnetic waves through eucalyptus trunks that have been cut off [13][14][15][16][17][18] and to subsequently increase the efficiency of the receiving-transmitter power with EBG. The following literature on the structure of rectangular and cylindrical waveguide antennas used with the EBG was reviewed: Several studies have explored the structure of waveguide antennas of various shapes which employed EBG [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. A conventional rectangular horn antenna was used for transmitting and receiving X-band satellite signals at the frequencies of 8 -12 GHz.…”

“…It had a geometric shape with a planar shaped wire frame arranged with the end of the cantenna resulting to a gain of 9.31 dBi, an increase of 21.37 % . The results from the moisture content measurements at 1 -100 % wb with a wave power in the range 0.0001 -0.5 MW could measure as low as 0.14 % wb at an average power of 0.5 MW [24]. A circular horn antenna configuration hybrid antenna was developed for X-band satellite transceiver applications and was designed to operate at frequencies 10 -14 GHz.…”

“…The literature review highlighted waveguide antenna structures [25][26][27][28] that used woodpile EBG to increase gain [19][20][21][22][23][24]. Based on the above, this study aimed to design a waveguide antenna structure that was simple and could adjust measurement efficiency of the moisture content in eucalyptus wood as desired.…”