Canopy Structure and Microclimate of Two Wet Grassland Communities

Fliervoet, L. M.; Werger, M. J. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03548.x

Cited by 39 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We have studied the usefulness of a number of these (Fliervoet, 1984). In previous papers (Fliervoet & Werger, 1984;Werger 1983b;Verkaar et al, 1983) we have shown that close comparison of grassland vegetation stands using a large number of structural variables is necessary for an ecological interpretation of canopy architecture and can lead to the formulation of testable hypotheses on functional aspects of the plant strategies in those canopies. For a wider application of the results of these detailed studies, a more general grouping of grassland vegetation in structural types is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Types of phytomass ? and leaf area index profiles in grassland vegetation

1986

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Various types of grasslands in the Netherlands were catagorized by their structure: phytomass and leaf area were measured in arbitrarily chosen vegetation layers with width intervals of 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 cm, depending on the height of the sward. Data were standardized for fixed width of layers (layer width set), and for equal numbers of layers of varying width (layer number set). Data were clustered by Ward's method as well as ordinated by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The duster method revealed 6 groups; those of the layer number sets could be contrasted in their vertical built-up of leaf area index (LAI) -and phytomass profiles and could be characterized ecologically. The ordinations confirmed the findings of the cluster analyses. In our data grassland structure varied mainly along a gradient from constant and sufficient to strongly varying soil water supply during the growing season, and a gradient in soil nutrients from rich to poor. Sites with constant water supply appeared more often nutrient-rich and those with a varying water supply more often poor in nutrients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In each layer LAI and phytomass dry weight were measured, LAI using a LiCor 3000-3050 A leaf area meter (cf. Fliervoet & Werger, 1984;Fliervoet, 1984;Werger, 1983b).…”

Section: Structure Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Types of phytomass ? and leaf area index profiles in grassland vegetation

1986

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“…According to Scbeiner (1993), plasticity is favoured in the course of evolution if (and only if) 'the environment is variable but predictable' (Scheiner 1993, p.56). The reason for this may lie in the spatio-temporal predictability of light supply which can be assumed to be rather high in the vertical plane of herbaceous canopies (Fliervoet & Werger 1984;Hirose & Werger 1995), i.e. Environmental predictability relates to the accuracy with which beneficial effects of plastic responses can be predicted.…”

Section: Predictabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and limitations of current concepts regarding the response of clonal plants to environmental heterogeneity

1996

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Plant ecologists have spent considerable effort investigating the physiological mechanisms and ecological consequences of clonal growth in plants. One line of research is concerned with the response of clonal plants to environmental heterogeneity. Several concepts and hypotheses have been formulated so far, suggesting that intra-clonal resource translocation, morphological plasticity on different organizational levels (e.g. leaves, ramets, fragments), and other features of clonal plants may represent potentially adaptive traits enabling stoloniferous and rhizomatous species to cope better with habitat patchiness. Although each of these concepts contributes substantially to our understanding of the ecology of clonal species, it is difficult to combine them into a consistent theoretical framework. This apparent lack of conceptual coherence seems partly be caused by an uncritical use of the term 'habitat heterogeneity'. Researchers have not always acknowledged the fact that 'heterogeneity' may refer to a number of fundamentally different aspects of environmental variability (i.e. scale, contrast, predictability, temporal vs. spatial heterogeneity), and that each of these aspects may, on one hand, allow for the evolution of specific plant responses to heterogeneity and, on the other, severely constrain the viability of potentially adaptive traits. Since adaptive responses are operational only in a narrow range of conditions (delimited by external environmental conditions and constraints internal to plants) it seems imperative to clearly define the context and the limits within which concepts regarding clonal plants' responses to heterogeneity are valid. In this paper an attempt is made to review a number of these concepts and to try and identify the necessary conditions for them to be operational. Special attention is paid (1) to different aspects of environmental heterogeneity and how they may affect clonal plants, and (2) to possible constraints (e.g. sectoriality, perception of environmental signals, morphological plasticity) on plant responses to patchiness.

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“…It is the evaporation-condensation process that connects plant physiology (transpiration) with air temperature and under suitable conditions represents a mechanism of temperature stabilisation-high transpiration cools and condensation warms the air near the surface (Brutsaert, 1982;Gates, 1980). Besides meteorological conditions transpiration rate and temperature distribution in the stand are dependent on biomass distribution (Busch, 2000), physiological characteristics and architecture of the stand (Kabat et al, 2004;Graser, Verma, & Rosenberg, 1987;Fliervoet & Werger 1984;Baldocchi, Verma, Rosenberg, Bald, & Specht, 1985). These parameters influence humidity in the stand and light as well as wind penetration into the stand etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of Temperature Regimes of Two Temperate Herbaceous Wetlands in the Course of the Growing Season

Brom

Rejšková²,

Procházka

2010

Water and Nutrient Management in Natural and Constructed Wetlands

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Wetlands are habitats with highly variable species composition, hydrology and functioning in terms of energy exchange and forming of local climate. We compared two graminoid temperate wetlands situated nearby and at similar latitude to see how much their temperature characteristics differed with changing conditions during a growing season. The results showed that the two habitats, a littoral zone of a fishpond and a wet meadow, differed markedly. The daily means at 2 m were on average higher in the littoral as a consequence of lower temperature minima in the wet meadow. However, the daily maxima at 2 m were higher in the wet meadow due to advection of warm air from the surrounding habitats. We suppose that the temperature of the air at 2 m was predominantly influenced by temperature characteristics of the surrounding habitats (i.e. local meteorology). The temperature within vegetation and at the soil surface was dependent on the soil water content. This relation was stronger in the wet meadow than in the littoral due to the complex microtopography of the latter Carex dominated habitat. Vegetation played an important role in influencing temperature at the soil surface and within the vegetation cover, i.e. in the very proximity of the land surface. Because of the higher LAI, this trend was stronger in the wet meadow.

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Canopy Structure and Microclimate of Two Wet Grassland Communities

Cited by 39 publications

References 23 publications

Types of phytomass ? and leaf area index profiles in grassland vegetation

Types of phytomass ? and leaf area index profiles in grassland vegetation

Potential and limitations of current concepts regarding the response of clonal plants to environmental heterogeneity

Comparison of Temperature Regimes of Two Temperate Herbaceous Wetlands in the Course of the Growing Season

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