Canopy gap dynamics of second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia

Rentch, James S.; Schuler, Thomas M.; Nowacki, Gregory J.; Beane, Nathan R.; Ford, W. Mark

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.08.043

Cited by 49 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the mature Fagus oriental-dominated hardwood stands of northern Iran, we found that canopy gaps covered 9.3% of the total forested area. This fraction is slightly lower than the 15% identified in mature Acer-Liriodendron-Fagus stands from the Cumberland Plateau in the eastern United States (Hart and Grissino-Mayer, 2009) and slightly higher than the 4.7% identified for mature Picea-Fagus forests in the Appalachian Mountains the eastern United States (Rentch et al, 2010). Although canopy gap fraction generally decreases with stand age (Hart and GrissinoMayer, 2009), management can also influence gap fraction.…”

Section: Patterns Of Gap Closurementioning

confidence: 86%

Canopy gaps and regeneration in old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands, northern Iran

Sefidi

Mohadjer

Mosandl

et al. 2011

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Patterns Of Gap Closurementioning

confidence: 86%

Canopy gaps and regeneration in old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands, northern Iran

Sefidi

Mohadjer

Mosandl

et al. 2011

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…These small stems and branches were cut at their base and transported to the laboratory for age determination (Runkle, 1982;Hart and Grissino-Mayer, 2009). Increment core samples were collected from larger residual trees that we deemed would exhibit a notable increase in radial growth following gap formation (Hart et al, 2010;Rentch et al, 2010). In the laboratory, all wood samples were processed and dated using standard dendrochronological techniques (Stokes and Smiley, 1996;Orvis and Grissino-Mayer, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculated a ratio of length to width (L:W) for expanded and observed gaps to document gap shape patterns (Hart and Grissino-Mayer, 2009;Rentch et al, 2010). We also calculated diameter to height ratios (D:H) using gap width (W) as diameter and average canopy height for expanded and observed gaps (Marquis, 1965;Dey, 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy gap dynamics and development patterns in secondary Quercus stands on the Cumberland Plateau, Alabama, USA

Richards

Hart

2011

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Hence, wind/snowstorm-damaged trees could release more canopy space than those died from natural mortality or thinning (Woods 2004;Nagel and Svoboda 2008). On the other hand, the fall of dominant trees easily led a continuous fall of surrounding trees, just like dominos (Rentch et al 2010). The secondary forest ecosystems usually have high stand density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of gap formation and distribution pattern induced by wind/snowstorm and flood in a temperate secondary forest ecosystem, Northeast China

Zhu¹,

Zhu²,

Zheng³

et al. 2017

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• The canopy gaps induced by wind/snowstorm were aggregated in steep slope and high altitude areas, while the gaps formed by flood were gathered in steep slope and low altitude areas.• The wind/snowstorm mainly driven the formation of medium gaps, while the flood mainly promoted the percentage of small gaps and vacant lands. AbstractCanopy gap is the driving force of forest succession. Due to the uncontrollability, however, the influences of natural disturbances on gap formation and gap distribution pattern have been rarely understood in temperate secondary forest ecosystems. We monitored the gap formation and gap distribution pattern using high-resolution remote sensing images before and after two disturbances (wind/snowstorm in 2003 and flood in 2013). The results showed that after wind/snowstorm, the gap nearest neighbor index (GNNI) decreased, the vacant land area did not obviously change while the gap fraction and gaps density (especially medium size) increased. After the flood, GNNI decreased, the number of small gaps increased but larger gaps were in many cases extended to vacant land areas leading to a smaller total number of medium and large gaps but considerable increase in vacant land area. We also found that the gap densities increased with slope and altitude for wind/snowstorm-formed gaps, but they increased with increasing slope and decreasing altitude for flood-formed gaps. These results indicated that gaps were aggregated in steep slope and high altitude areas after wind/snowstorm, but in steep slope and low altitude areas after the flood. Medium gaps were mainly created by the wind/snowstorm due to the individual-level death of dominant tree with the continuous fall of surrounding trees. While, vacant lands were obviously created during the flood because of integral sweeping. Besides, smaller trees were easily damaged by runoff of flood, which induced small gaps. In summary, forest managers may pay more attention to use gaps to accelerate forest succession after wind/snowstorms and to restore vegetation in vacant lands after floods.

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Canopy gap dynamics of second-growth red spruce-northern hardwood stands in West Virginia

Cited by 49 publications

References 48 publications

Canopy gaps and regeneration in old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands, northern Iran

Canopy gaps and regeneration in old-growth Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) stands, northern Iran

Canopy gap dynamics and development patterns in secondary Quercus stands on the Cumberland Plateau, Alabama, USA

Comparison of gap formation and distribution pattern induced by wind/snowstorm and flood in a temperate secondary forest ecosystem, Northeast China

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