Canopy and Soil Modification of Precipitation Chemistry in a Temperate Rain Forest

Abstract

Little is known about the chemistry of solutions moving through old‐growth coastal temperate coniferous rain forests. The major objectives of this study were to examine precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and soil solution chemistry in an old‐growth temperate rain forest in the Hoh River valley on the northwest Washington coast 32 km from the Pacific Ocean, and to determine mechanisms involved with changes in solution chemistry. Dominant species were Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.), western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn), and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis [Dougl.] Forbes). Stemflow was more acidic (avg. pH 4.3) than throughfall (avg. pH 5.0) and precipitation (avg. pH 5.3). This precipitation pH is typical for a remote site. Organic acids were important contributors to acidity in throughfall and stemflow. Soil solution pHs were much higher as a result of acid neutralization processes, averaging 5.7 in the forest floor and 6.2 at 40‐cm depth. Sodium and Cl dominated precipitation, followed by Ca and SO4, indicating a strong oceanic influence. Throughfall and stemflow were generally enriched in cations, especially K, but concentrations in soil solutions were less than those in stemflow. Organic anions contributed greatly to cation leaching in the canopy, with a much smaller contribution from SO4. Like precipitation, Na and Cl dominated throughfall, stemflow, and soil solutions. The highest concentrations of NH4 were found in stemflow, suggesting N fixation in the canopy. Throughfall and stem‐flow under Pacific silver fir had the highest concentrations of both cations and anions. Phosphate, NH4, and NO3 concentrations were low in the soil solution, indicating strong retention of N and P in this ecosystem.

Chemical Composition of Water Soluble Inorganic Species in Precipitation at Shihwa Basin, Korea

“…Linear regression of the relationship between cation sum vs. the anion sum showed an r 2 = 0.95 and slope of 0.95 (Figure 2a,b). Edmonds et al (1991) [45] suggested that anion deficit means of the amount of unmeasured organic acids. Kim et al (2013) [32] found that the organic acids (CH3COO …”

Cottonballs, a unique subaqeous moonmilk, and abundant subaerial moonmilk in Cataract Cave, Tongass National Forest, Alaska

“…Presumably, the environment is selecting for a more depauperate microbial composition than the source materials. For example, the acidic nature of aboveground biomass means that there may be many organisms that cannot tolerate well the constantly buffered carbonate reservoir below ground (Alban, 1969;Turner & Franz, 1985;Edmonds et al, 1991). The degree to which subsequent evolutionary development of unique caveadapted strains has progressed could be used as some indication of the age of the cave and time since it was first microbially colonized.…”

Seasonal ionic exchange in two-layer canopies and total deposition in a subtropical evergreen mixed forest in central-south China

“…Although canopy-atmosphere interactions have been reported in temperate forests [1,5,14,29,42], few or limited number of the studies on canopy exchange processes have been conducted in Chinese forests recently, particularly in subtropical forests [18,25,26].…”