Canoes of Oceania

Haddon, A. C.; Hornell, James

doi:10.2307/1787990

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The shapes of sails recorded in East Polynesia by Cook's artists before 1780 are shown in Figure 1. Māori sails were drawn by Spöring and Parkinson in 1769, the Marquesan sail by Hodges in 1774 and the Hawaiian one by Webber in 1778 (Haddon & Hornell, 1997). The Tahitian rig, also drawn by Webber, was unusual for East Polynesia in having a standing mast, while the other rigs were completely lowered when not in use.…”

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shapes of Oceanic spritsails sketched by artists on the voyages of Cook, 1769–1778 (Haddon & Hornell, 1997). Adapted from Irwin and Flay (2015).…”

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Tahitian rig, also drawn by Webber, was unusual for East Polynesia in having a standing mast, while the other rigs were completely lowered when not in use. Haddon and Hornell (1997) describe the Hawaiian and Marquesan sails as almost identical, triangular with apex down, and the difference between them in the figure is due to a cord drawing the top of the two spars of the Hawaiian sail together. These eighteenth century sails are generally classified as Oceanic spritsails (Doran, 1981; Haddon & Hornell, 1997; Howe, 2006).…”

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Haddon and Hornell (1997) describe the Hawaiian and Marquesan sails as almost identical, triangular with apex down, and the difference between them in the figure is due to a cord drawing the top of the two spars of the Hawaiian sail together. These eighteenth century sails are generally classified as Oceanic spritsails (Doran, 1981; Haddon & Hornell, 1997; Howe, 2006). They had two spars – a leading spar attached to the canoe and a trailing spar attached to the bottom of the leading spar which trimmed the sail according to the direction of the wind.…”

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The paper develops a velocity prediction program (VPP), based on wind tunnel tests of sails and on tests of hull forms using FIGURE 1. The shapes of Oceanic spritsails sketched by artists on the voyages of Cook, 1769-1778 (Haddon & Hornell, 1997). Adapted from Irwin and Flay (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

Irwin

Flay

Dudley

et al. 2022

Archaeology in Oceania

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Scholarly estimates and opinions of the sailing performance of ancient Pacific canoes vary widely. This paper measures performance by testing real sails in a wind tunnel and hulls in a towing tank. The sails were three East Polynesian Oceanic spritsails of late eighteenth century type, held by the British Museum, collected from New Zealand, Tahiti and Hawaii/Marquesas, which conform to the first historical records. Also tested was a hypothetical generic ancestral sail, and the Māori sail was tested in different ways to accommodate different views. Tests of hull form found that upwind sailing performance improved as underwater hull profile changed from U-shape to V-shape and some archaeological hulls can be assigned to this scale. Velocity prediction programs (VPPs) were calculated for a range of different canoes and simulated voyages by the fourteenth century AD archaeological canoe (waka) found at Anaweka, New Zealand retraced real voyages made by the experimental Polynesian replica canoe Hōkūle'a between 1980 and 2000, in the same recorded weather. Both canoes could average speeds of up to four knots and sail upwind at 75°to the true wind angle (TWA), as proposed by Lewis and Finney. The paper identifies a package of technological innovations involved in the settlement of East Polynesia following the "long pause" in Pacific settlement in West Polynesia. Two innovations previously suggested by linguistics were the Oceanic spritsail and the double canoe, and a third was the development of complex composite planked hulls and V-shaped underwater hull forms. East Polynesian canoes were capable of two-way voyaging and some migrations were planned, as in the case of New Zealand.

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Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shapes of Oceanic spritsails sketched by artists on the voyages of Cook, 1769–1778 (Haddon & Hornell, 1997). Adapted from Irwin and Flay (2015).…”

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: East Polynesian Sailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

Irwin

Flay

Dudley

et al. 2022

Archaeology in Oceania

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Selection and adaptation in human migration

Bell

2023

Evolutionary Anthropology

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This article reviews the ways migration shapes human biology. This includes the physiological and genetic, but also socio‐cultural aspects such as organization, behavior, and culture. Across disciplines I highlight the multiple levels of cultural and genetic selection whereby individuals and groups adapt to pressures along a migration timeline: the origin, transit, and destination. Generally, the evidence suggests that selective pressures and adaptations occur at the individual, family, and community levels. Consequently, across levels there are negotiations, interactions, and feedbacks that shape migration outcomes and the trajectory of evolutionary change. The rise and persistence of migration‐relevant adaptations emerges as a central question, including the maintenance of cumulative culture adaptations, the persistence of “cultures of migration”, as well as the individual‐level physiological and cognitive adaptations applied to successful transit and settlement in novel environments.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Canoes of Oceania

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

The sailing performance of ancient Polynesian canoes and the early settlement of East Polynesia

Selection and adaptation in human migration

Assessing the potential to calendar date Māori waka (canoes) using dendrochronology

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