“…Sex ratio and age structure were also altered in anuran populations inhabiting environments associated with mining (Zhelev, Arnaudov & Boyadzhiev, 2014; Otero et al, 2018). Another indirect effect of water acidification and metal pollution is through the trophic chains, affecting the species composition of aquatic invertebrate communities (Tripole, Vallania & Corigliano, 2008; Alvial et al, 2013), on which the frogs' diet depends (Akmentins & Gastón, 2020; Gastón, Salica & Akmentins, 2022). Since T. rubigo feeds by suspension or inertial suction (Barrionuevo, 2016), lives in alkaline fresh waters, and reproduces during both seasons (Gastón, 2022), the AMD would be a considerable threat to the survival of their populations, with pollutants entering the body through ingestion or skin absorption.…”