Cannabis use disorder: Epidemiology and management

Copeland, Jan; Swift, Wendy

doi:10.1080/09540260902782745

Cited by 172 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…An earlier age of onset of regular use was associated with worse performance even after controlling for extent of exposure to cannabis. This is particularly concerning given not only the high prevalence of cannabis use among adolescents per se, but with epidemiological evidence for decreasing age of first use (Degenhardt et al 2000;Degenhardt et al 2008;Copeland and Swift 2009 Age of regular cannabis use .40** .43** *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescence is the primary period for experimentation and subsequent initiation of regular cannabis use (Copeland and Swift 2009;Jacobus et al 2009) and a growing literature reports either cognitive deficits in adolescent cannabis users or greater adverse effects among those commencing cannabis use during early adolescence, particularly prior to the age of 17 (Schwartz et al 1989;Ehrenreich et al 1999;Huestegge et al 2002;Kempel et al 2003;Pope et al 2003;Jacobsen et al 2004;Harvey et al 2007;Jacobsen et al 2007;Medina et al 2007;Jacobus et al 2009). Only two studies have reported impaired word list learning in adolescent or early onset young adult cannabis users (Pope et al 2003;Jacobsen et al 2004;Harvey et al 2007), while in a third study, poor performance was associated with lifetime cannabis use despite a lack of significant difference between users and nonusers (Medina et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An important consideration for research in this area is that adolescent cannabis users rarely use cannabis in isolation, with concomitant alcohol use being most common (Martin et al 2002;Copeland and Swift 2009;Kuntsche et al 2009). Heavy alcohol use has been found to have neurotoxic effects in adolescents (Barron et al 2005;Monti et al 2005) and is also associated with poor verbal memory (Brown et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users

et al. 2011

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Rationale Long-term heavy cannabis use can result in memory impairment. Adolescent users may be especially vulnerable to the adverse neurocognitive effects of cannabis. Objectives and methods In a crosssectional and prospective neuropsychological study of 181 adolescents aged 16-20 (mean 18.3 years), we compared performance indices from one of the most widely used measures of learning and memory-the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test-between cannabis users (n=52; mean 2.4 years of use, 14 days/month, median abstinence 20.3 h), alcohol users (n=67) and non-user controls (n=62) matched for age, education and premorbid intellectual ability (assessed prospectively), and alcohol consumption for cannabis and alcohol users. Results Cannabis users performed significantly worse than alcohol users and non-users on all performance indices. They recalled significantly fewer words overall (p

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users

et al. 2011

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“…Some interventions are, however, successful in ameliorating the impacts of withdrawal or reducing the social impacts of cannabis use. Work published subsequently reveals a similar pattern (Danovitch and Gorelick, 2012;Copeland and Swift, 2009;Vandrey and Haney, 2009;Elkashef et al, (2008) Budney, et al, 2007Nordstrom and Levin, 2007).…”

Section: Figure 1 Herementioning

confidence: 69%

Cannabis matters? Treatment responses to increasing cannabis presentations in addiction services in England

Monaghan

Hamilton

Lloyd

et al. 2015

Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy

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Aims To conduct a pilot project exploring how treatment providers understood the increasing demand of people presenting to services with cannabis related problems and how they responded to the demand for this type of treatment in the absence of an up to date evidencebase.Methods A knowledge exchange event involving treatment providers (n=30) from one region in the United Kingdom supplemented by qualitative interviews (n=8) and focus groups with drug treatment staff (n=5). A thematic analysis of this material was then conducted.Findings Five distinct themes emerged. First, numerous routes were identified into services for problematic cannabis users. Second, access to treatment for some groups is an issue. Third, the type of treatment offered varies considerably within and across services. Fourth, cannabis use was viewed as benign by many staff and clients with noticeable variations of risk. Finally, there is an acknowledgment that the there is an evolving connoisseurship associated with contemporary cannabis use whereby the client has increasing expertise in relation to contemporary cannabis consumption that has yet to fully filter through to the practice of treatment providers.Conclusions There appears to be a gap between treatment demand and evidence based treatment for cannabis related problems, so that while the trend in treatment demand continues to rise the translation of the evidence base into practise for effective treatment strategies has not kept pace with this demand. 2Cannabis matters? Treatment responses to increasing cannabis presentations in addiction services in England.

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“…Recognizing early manifestations of cannabis use disorder (CUD) is crucial for identifying those for whom timely intervention might avert further harm. As yet, relatively little is known about the natural history of cannabis dependence [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use and Disorder Transitions Among a Mixed Community Sample of At-Risk Adolescents and Adults: A Prospective New Zealand Study

Bashford¹,

Copeland²,

Flett³

2013

TOADDJ

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Introduction and Aims:The trajectories of cannabis use disorder (CUD) require more comprehensive delineation to expedite recognition of incubating dependence among high-risk users. This study examined baseline cannabis use and CUD over 12 months using DSM-IV/ICD10 diagnoses to distinguish transition groups. Design and Methods:In a prospective naturalistic design, 194 heterogeneous cannabis users (128 adolescents, 66 adults) aged 13-61 years were voluntarily recruited and assessed at baseline, and then re-assessed 12-months later.Results: Most participants met criteria for a baseline CUD (70% dependence, 20% abuse), 12 adolescents were 'diagnostic orphans', and 5 symptom-free. At follow-up, 25% adolescents reported using less, 6% the same level, and 69% using more cannabis. Significantly increased symptoms and dependence severity were reported, with no adolescent/adult differences evident. Three diagnostic transition groups were identified. While 84% adolescents (n=108) remained stable, 5% (n=7) had improved, 10% (n=13) had deteriorated. 'Deteriorators' scored significantly higher than 'improvers' on cannabis use, symptoms, and dependence severity measures. A subjective loss of control over cannabis use was among the earliest DSM-IV features among younger users on a trajectory towards dependence. Most participants (79%) anticipated difficulty trying to reduce/quit their use Discussion and Conclusions: Younger adolescents can rapidly develop cannabis dependence, reporting similar and equally severe symptoms as longer-term adult users. Impaired control over use occurs early in trajectories towards dependence. The seeming intractability of problematic cannabis use calls for concerted cannabis screening and early intervention (SEI) efforts at an earlier age to avert or reduce harmful consequences of cannabis use in the community.

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Cannabis use disorder: Epidemiology and management

Cited by 172 publications

References 58 publications

Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users

Verbal learning and memory in adolescent cannabis users, alcohol users and non-users

Cannabis matters? Treatment responses to increasing cannabis presentations in addiction services in England

Cannabis Use and Disorder Transitions Among a Mixed Community Sample of At-Risk Adolescents and Adults: A Prospective New Zealand Study

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