Cannabis psychoses in south Sweden

PPålsson, Å.; Thulin, S O; Tunving, K

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00310.x

Cited by 38 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This finding is in keeping with previous reports of tendency to aggression and violence in cannabis-related psychoses. [818] Although anxiety and depression have been described as sequelae of cannabis use,[30] their role in the context of psychosis is not clear. In some studies, subjects were noted to be highly anxious and fearful due to overwhelming paranoid ideation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence

Kulhalli

Isaac

Murthy

2007

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:The correlation between cannabis and negative mental health outcomes has been unequivocally established. Nevertheless, there is still a great need to research different dimensions of cannabis-related disorders, among which the study of cannabis-related psychosis is very important. There is a dearth of research regarding phenomenology and effect of abstinence, particularly from India. This study attempts to research the clinical presentation of cannabis-related psychosis and effect of abstinence.Aim:The aim of the present study was to document the clinical presentation of cannabis-related psychosis at presentation and after 7 days' abstinence from cannabis.Materials and Methods:Subjects with psychosis following cannabis use without any other prior or concurrent psychiatric disorder presenting to the outpatient department of a large tertiary care hospital were consecutively recruited for study. They were observed in a drug-free, protected environment for 7 days, during which clinical features were recorded using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).Results:Twenty male subjects were recruited and phenomenology was evaluated on the BPRS. Items with highest frequencies were unusual thought content (100%), excitement (75%), grandiosity (75%), hallucinatory behavior (70%) and uncooperativeness (65%). The least common symptoms were anxiety (5%), guilt feeling (5%), depressive mood (10%), motor retardation (10%) and blunted affect (30%). Nine subjects (45%) presented with cognitive dysfunction. Affective psychosis was the predominant diagnosis. At the end of 1 week of abstinence from cannabis, there was a significant decrease in scores. Significant improvement was observed in cognitive dysfunction, conceptual disorganization, grandiosity, tension, hostility, hallucinatory behavior and excitement.Conclusions:Cannabis-related psychosis presented with a predominantly affective psychosis and prominent thought disorder, excitement and violence. All subjects showed improvement in symptoms with abstinence from cannabis. A small heterogeneous sample and short duration of observation were the important limitations of this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence

Kulhalli

Isaac

Murthy

2007

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…The findings of Chopra & Smith [9] have received some support from other case series which suggest that large doses of potent cannabis products can be fullowed by a "toxic" psychotic disorder with "organic" features of amnesia and confusion. These disorders have been reported from a variety of different places including: the Carribean [19][20], India [9], New Zealand [11], Scotland [18], South Africa [14], Sweden [8,17,21], the United Kingdom [6][7]13] and the United States [15][16].…”

Section: "A Cannabis Psychosis"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use and psychosis

Hall

1998

Drug and Alcohol Review

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This paper reviews evidence on two hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. The first hypothesis is that heavy cannabis use may cause a "cannabis psychosis"-a psychosis that would not occur in the absence of cannabis use, the symptoms of which are preceded by heavy cannabis use and remit after abstinence. The second hypothesis is that cannabis use may precipitate schizophrenia, or exacerbate its symptoms. Evaluation of these hypotheses requires evidence of an association between cannabis use and psychosis, that is unlikely to be due to chance, in which cannabis use precedes psychosis, and in which we can exclude the hypothesis that the relationship is due to other factors, such as other drug use, or a personal vulnerability to psychosis. There is some clinical support for the first hypothesis. If these disorders exist they seem to be rare, because they require very high doses of THC, the prolonged use of highly potent forms of cannabis, or a pre-existing (but as yet unspecified) vulnerability. There is more support for the second hypothesis, in that a large prospective study has shown a linear relationship between the frequency with which cannabis has been used by age 18 and the risks over the subsequent 15 years of a diagnosis of schizophrenia. It is still unclear whether this means that cannabis use precipitates schizophrenia, whether it is a form of "self-medication", or whether the association is due to the use of other drugs, such as amphetamines, which heavy cannabis users are more likely to use. There is stronger evidence that cannabis use can exacerbate the symptoms of schizophrenia. Mental health services should identify patients with schizophrenia who use alcohol, cannabis and other drugs and advise them to abstain or to greatly reduce their drug use.

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“…1). In 1982 PBlsson et al (10) collected a sample of 11 genuine cannabis psychoses, all treated during 1 year of observation as inpatients at two mental hospitals in south Sweden (a catchment area of 500 000 inhabitants). As cannabis smoking is widespread among the youth in this area, one might conclude that genuine cannabis psychosis is an infrequent complication.…”

Section: Epidemiological Aspects Of the Psychiatric Consequences Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pilsson et al (10) described, according to these criteria, 11 cases of cannabis psychosis admitted within 1 year to two mental hospitals in south Sweden. In all, approximately 70 cases have been reported from Sweden.…”

Section: Cannabis Psychosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric effects of cannabis use

Tunving

1985

Acta Psychiatr Scand

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That cannabis use may provoke mental disturbances is well known to Scandinavian psychiatrists today. A review of the psychiatric aspects of cannabis use is given, and the clinical signs of 70 cases of cannabis psychoses collected in Sweden are described. The bluntness and "amotivation" following chronic cannabis use are discussed. Anxiety reactions, flashbacks, dysphoric reactions and an abstinence syndrome are all sequels of cannabis use. Three risk groups begin to emerge: a) Young teenage cannabis users who lose some of their capacity to learn complex functions and who flee from reality to a world of dreams. With its sedative effect, cannabis could modify such emotions as anger and anxiety and slow down the liberation process of adolescence. b) Heavy daily users, often persons who cannot cope with depression or their life circumstances. c) Psychiatric patients whose resistance to relapses into psychotic reactions might be diminished according to the psychotropic effects of cannabis.

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Cannabis psychoses in south Sweden

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence

Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence

Cannabis use and psychosis

Psychiatric effects of cannabis use

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