Cannabis induces different cognitive changes in schizophrenic patients and in healthy controls

Jockers-Scherübl, Maria C.; Wolf, Theresa; Radzei, Nicole; Schlattmann, Peter; Rentzsch, Johannes; Castro, Ana Gómez-Carrillo de; Kühl, Klaus-Peter

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.03.006

Cited by 103 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In contrast with our finding of worse processing speed in current users, the majority of studies in schizophrenia patients reported either absent, or even positive effects of both current and lifetime cannabis use on visual processing speed (Sevy et al 2007 ;Jockers-Scherubl et al 2007 ;Coulston et al 2007a ;Schnell et al 2009 ;DeRosse et al 2010). Positive associations in those studies might have been driven by higher pre-morbid cognitive functioning in cannabis-using patients (Fried et al 2005 ;Schnell et al RST Acc, Response Shifting Task accuracy ; CPT RT, Continuous Performance Task-HQ reaction time ; CPT Acc, CPT-HQ accuracy ; DS coding, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) digit-symbol coding ; Arithm, WAIS-III arithmetic ; Inform, WAIS-III information ; Block, WAIS-III block design ; Affect Rec, Degraded Facial Affect Recognition total score ; Face Rec, Benton Face Recognition ; Hinting, Hinting task ; F, test statistic from mixed-model regression analyses ; df, degrees of freedom.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Worse immediate verbal learning in current cannabis users is in agreement with other studies in patients with psychotic illness (Liraud & Verdoux, 2002 ;Pencer & Addington, 2003 ;D'Souza et al 2005 ;Sevy et al 2007 ;Jockers-Scherubl et al 2007 ;Coulston et al 2007a ;Yü cel et al 2010). Also in healthy controls, immediate verbal learning is one of the most consistently impaired cognitive functions after acute cannabis administration, and, congruent with our results, this effect appears to be transient after a 4-week abstinence (Grant et al 2003 ;Solowij & Michie, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings

et al. 2011

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(2012). Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings. Psychological Medicine, 42, pp 705-716 doi:10.1017/S0033291711001656 Background. The relationship between cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis has yielded contradictory findings. In individuals at genetic high risk for psychosis, information is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the association between recency and frequency of cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings.Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 956 patients with non-affective psychosis, 953 unaffected siblings, and 554 control subjects. Participants completed a cognitive test battery including assessments of verbal learning, set shifting, sustained attention, processing speed, working memory, acquired knowledge, reasoning and problem solving and social cognition. Cannabis use was assessed by urinalysis and by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Using random-effect regression models the main effects of cannabis (recency and frequency) and the interaction with status (patient, sibling, control) on cognitive functioning were assessed.Results. Current cannabis use was associated with poorer performance on immediate verbal learning, processing speed and working memory (Cohen's d x0.20 to x0.33, p<0.005). Lifetime cannabis use was associated with better performance on acquired knowledge, facial affect recognition and face identity recognition (Cohen's d+0.17 to +0.33, p<0.005). There was no significant interaction between cannabis and status on cognitive functioning.Conclusions. Lifetime cannabis-using individuals might constitute a subgroup with a higher cognitive potential. The residual effects of cannabis may impair short-term memory and processing speed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings

et al. 2011

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“…In addition, in this study, there was a suggestion that in patients with the AKT1 rs2494732 T/T genotype, cannabis use may be associated with a better performance on measures of sustained attention. Several explanations for superior cognitive abilities in cannabis-using patients have been put forward, including possible neuroprotective effects of cannabis in individuals developing psychotic symptoms (Jockers-Scherubl et al, 2007) and a selective mechanism of causal contribution of cannabis, such that persons with less neurocognitive impairment make a transition to psychotic disorder that they would not have made in the absence of cannabis use (Yücel et al, 2010). In our opinion, the latter explanation seems most plausible and is in agreement with extant literature suggesting that cannabis use is a component cause in the development of psychotic disorder (Murray et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AKT1 Moderation of Cannabis-Induced Cognitive Alterations in Psychotic Disorder

Winkel

Beveren

Simons

2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Genetic variation in AKT1 may be associated with sensitivity to the psychotomimetic effects of cannabis as well as with increased risk for psychotic disorder following cannabis use. Investigation of the effect of this interaction on relevant intermediate phenotypes for psychosis, such as cognition, may help to clarify the underlying mechanism. Thus, verbal memory (visually presented Word Learning Task), sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test, CPT), AKT1 rs2494732 genotype, and cannabis use were examined in a large cohort of patients with psychotic disorder. No evidence was found for AKT1 Â cannabis interaction on verbal memory. Cannabis use preceding onset of psychotic disorder did interact significantly with AKT1 rs2494732 genotype to affect CPT reaction time (b ¼ 8.0, SE 3.9, p ¼ 0.037) and CPT accuracy (b ¼ À1.2, SE 0.4, p ¼ 0.003). Cannabis-using patients with the a priori vulnerability C/C genotype were slower and less accurate on the CPT, whereas cannabis-using patients with the T/T genotype had similar or better performance than non-using patients with psychotic disorder. The interaction was also apparent in patients with psychotic disorder who had not used cannabis in the 12 months preceding assessment, but was absent in the unaffected siblings of these patients and in healthy controls. In conclusion, cannabis use before onset of psychosis may have long-lasting effects on measures of sustained attention, even in the absence of current use, contingent on AKT1 rs2494732 genotype. The results suggest that long-term changes in cognition may mediate the risk-increasing effect of the AKT1 Â cannabis interaction on psychotic disorder.

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“…A second possible explanation, based on research into animal models of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (Ramirez et al, 2005;Chung et al, 2011;Martìn-Moreno et al, 2011), suggests that some cannabinoids have a neuroprotective action which may help to prevent psychosis-related cognitive decline (Jockers-Scherübl et al, 2007;Løberg and Hugdahl, 2009).…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among cases, cannabis use was associated with a higher IQ and premorbid IQ, whilst among the controls, there was no significant difference. Previous studies compared cases and controls who used cannabis at age 16 or before and their performance in single tests: Jockers-Scherübl et al (2007) found an interaction effect of group and cannabis on the "digit symbol" subtest from WAIS-R. Yücel et al (2010) reported that "visual memory", "working memory", and "executive functioning" were better in patients who used cannabis, but no interaction analysis was made with a corresponding control group. Meijer et al (2012) found that lifetime cannabis use was associated with better performance on acquired knowledge, facial affect recognition and face identity recognition, but they did not find any interaction effect with group status (patients, siblings and controls).…”

Section: Are Iq and Premorbid Iq Of Patients And Controls Different Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis users have higher premorbid IQ than other patients with first onset psychosis

Ferraro

Russo

O’Connor

et al. 2013

Schizophrenia Research

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a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f oBackground: A number of studies have reported that patients with psychosis who use cannabis have better cognitive performance than those who do not. This is surprising as cannabis can impair cognition in healthy subjects. An obvious question is whether the better current performance of psychotic patients who have used cannabis is a reflection of their having a higher premorbid IQ than those psychotic patients who haven't used cannabis. Aim: In a sample of patients at their first episode of psychosis, we tested the hypothesis that patients who smoked cannabis would have a higher premorbid IQ than patients who did not. Methodology: 279 participants (119 patients and 160 healthy controls) were assessed in order to obtain current and premorbid IQ measures and detailed information on cannabis use. We examined the association between cannabis use and both premorbid and current IQ in patients and controls. Results: Patients who had ever smoked cannabis had significantly higher current (p b .001) and premorbid IQ (p = .004) compared to patients who had never used cannabis. This difference was not found among controls. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the better cognitive performance of patients with their first episode of psychosis who have used cannabis compared with those who haven't is due to the better premorbid IQ of the former.

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Cannabis induces different cognitive changes in schizophrenic patients and in healthy controls

Cited by 103 publications

References 49 publications

Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings

Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings

AKT1 Moderation of Cannabis-Induced Cognitive Alterations in Psychotic Disorder

Cannabis users have higher premorbid IQ than other patients with first onset psychosis

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