Cannabis Induces a Clinical Response in Patients With Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Placebo-Controlled Study

Naftali, Timna; Schleider, Lihi Bar-Lev; Dotan, Iris; Lansky, Ephraim Philip; Benjaminov, Fabiana; Konikoff, Fred M.

doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.034

“…In a clinical trial, 10 of 11 patients with active Crohn's disease who smoked marijuana exhibited reduced inflammation without side effects (615). Improvement of pain and diarrheal symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease was also reported, although cannabis use in patients with Crohn's disease is associated with higher risk of surgery (824).…”

Section: Gastrointestinal Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

Ligresti¹,

Petrocellis²,

Marzo³

2016

Physiological Reviews

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Apart from having been used and misused for at least four millennia for, among others, recreational and medicinal purposes, the cannabis plant and its most peculiar chemical components, the plant cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids), have the merit to have led humanity to discover one of the most intriguing and pleiotropic endogenous signaling systems, the endocannabinoid system (ECS). This review article aims to describe and critically discuss, in the most comprehensive possible manner, the multifaceted aspects of 1) the pharmacology and potential impact on mammalian physiology of all major phytocannabinoids, and not only of the most famous one ⌬ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, and 2) the adaptive prohomeostatic physiological, or maladaptive pathological, roles of the ECS in mammalian cells, tissues, and organs. In doing so, we have respected the chronological order of the milestones of the millennial route from medicinal/recreational cannabis to the ECS and beyond, as it is now clear that some of the early steps in this long path, which were originally neglected, are becoming important again. The emerging picture is rather complex, but still supports the belief that more important discoveries on human physiology, and new therapies, might come in the future from new knowledge in this field.

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“…4 For YCMC, marijuana use carries risks for disease exacerbation from poor diet associated with heavy use, 11,12 airway inflammation, 13 and treatment/medication nonadherence from being impaired or sleep deprived. 7,[14][15][16][17] Emerging evidence suggests antiinflammatory effects from cannabinoids, the active ingredients in marijuana 18,19 ; however, no studies have established their therapeutic value for youth, and the American Academy of Pediatrics opposes all use of marijuana for children and adolescents, including for "medical use." 20 Despite the potential for alcohol and marijuana use to negatively affect health and treatment outcomes of YCMC, there are substantial gaps in knowledge about the prevalence and patterning of these behaviors among this group, and associations with knowledge and outcomes such as treatment adherence.…”

Section: What This Study Addsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Treatment Nonadherence Among Medically Vulnerable Youth

Weitzman

¹

,

Ziemnik

²

,

Huang

³

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Adolescents face peak risks for onset and intensification of alcohol and marijuana use. However, we know little about these behaviors and their associations with knowledge or treatment adherence among chronically ill youth, a medically vulnerable group.METHODS: Cross-sectional assessment of consented youth ages 9 to 18 years receiving care for asthma/cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by using a self-administered online tool. Prevalence and correlates of risk behaviors and associations with knowledge and treatment adherence were estimated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, controlling for demographics, mental health, and the multiclinic sampling frame.RESULTS: Of 403 consented youth (75.8% response), 51.6% were girls, 75.1% were white, and average age was 15.6 years. Of high school youth, 36.5% and 12.7% reported past-year alcohol use and binge drinking, respectively; 20% reported past-year marijuana use. Among high school youth, 53.1% and 37.2% answered correctly that alcohol can interfere with their medications and laboratory tests; youth answering incorrectly were 8.53 and 4.46 times more likely to drink and binge drink, respectively (P values , .001). Thirty-two percent and 8.3% of high school youth reported regularly forgetting or skipping their medications in the past 30 days; compared with past-year nondrinking youth, drinkers were 1.79 and 1.61 times as likely to report regularly missing or skipping medications (P values , .05).CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol and marijuana use are common among youth with chronic medical conditions. Alcohol use is associated with treatment nonadherence. Education and preventive interventions are warranted to ameliorate risk. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Increasing percentages of youth are living with chronic medical conditions. Although adolescents face peak risks for onset and intensification of alcohol and marijuana use, we know little about these behaviors and their associations with treatment adherence among chronically ill youth. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study quantifies alcohol and marijuana use behaviors among a heterogeneous sample of chronically ill youth in aggregate and by condition, and measures associations between alcohol use/binge drinking and knowledge about alcohol interactions with medications/laboratory tests and also treatment nonadherence.

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“…Confirming and understanding condition-varying risks for marijuana use is important to understanding outcomes and merits additional investigation; marijuana use may ameliorate symptoms for some conditions, confounding treatment effects. 18,19 Secular changes in the perceived harmfulness of marijuana 4 and shifts toward legally enabling dispensing of marijuana to adults for medical purposes may drive changes in marijuana use among chronically ill children and teens. 39 Among YCMC, knowledge was poor about the potential for alcohol use to negatively interact with prescription medications or laboratory tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Questions covered quantity and frequency of own alcohol use and friends' use, 21 binge drinking based on age and gender (3 or more drinks for girls aged 9-17 and boys aged 9-13, 4 or more drinks for girls aged 18, 5 or more drinks for boys aged [14][15][16][17][18] 26 and selfreport of alcohol and marijuana use age of onset. 23 …”

Section: Alcohol and Marijuana Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Treatment Nonadherence Among Medically Vulnerable Youth

2015

PEDIATRICS

0

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Adolescents face peak risks for onset and intensification of alcohol and marijuana use. However, we know little about these behaviors and their associations with knowledge or treatment adherence among chronically ill youth, a medically vulnerable group.METHODS: Cross-sectional assessment of consented youth ages 9 to 18 years receiving care for asthma/cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, arthritis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by using a self-administered online tool. Prevalence and correlates of risk behaviors and associations with knowledge and treatment adherence were estimated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression, controlling for demographics, mental health, and the multiclinic sampling frame.RESULTS: Of 403 consented youth (75.8% response), 51.6% were girls, 75.1% were white, and average age was 15.6 years. Of high school youth, 36.5% and 12.7% reported past-year alcohol use and binge drinking, respectively; 20% reported past-year marijuana use. Among high school youth, 53.1% and 37.2% answered correctly that alcohol can interfere with their medications and laboratory tests; youth answering incorrectly were 8.53 and 4.46 times more likely to drink and binge drink, respectively (P values , .001). Thirty-two percent and 8.3% of high school youth reported regularly forgetting or skipping their medications in the past 30 days; compared with past-year nondrinking youth, drinkers were 1.79 and 1.61 times as likely to report regularly missing or skipping medications (P values , .05).CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol and marijuana use are common among youth with chronic medical conditions. Alcohol use is associated with treatment nonadherence. Education and preventive interventions are warranted to ameliorate risk. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Increasing percentages of youth are living with chronic medical conditions. Although adolescents face peak risks for onset and intensification of alcohol and marijuana use, we know little about these behaviors and their associations with treatment adherence among chronically ill youth. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study quantifies alcohol and marijuana use behaviors among a heterogeneous sample of chronically ill youth in aggregate and by condition, and measures associations between alcohol use/binge drinking and knowledge about alcohol interactions with medications/laboratory tests and also treatment nonadherence.

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Cannabis Induces a Clinical Response in Patients With Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Placebo-Controlled Study

Cited by 273 publications

References 15 publications

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

From Phytocannabinoids to Cannabinoid Receptors and Endocannabinoids: Pleiotropic Physiological and Pathological Roles Through Complex Pharmacology

Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Treatment Nonadherence Among Medically Vulnerable Youth

Alcohol and Marijuana Use and Treatment Nonadherence Among Medically Vulnerable Youth

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