Cannabis in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Yin and Yang of the Endocannabinoid System in Immunocompetence

Sexton, Michelle

doi:10.1089/acm.2020.0144

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Some editorial mentioned THC (for an increased risk of COVID-19 through lung injuries ( Volkow, 2020 )), cannabiol as a therapeutic option ( Sexton, 2020 ), and the risk for hookah users (around 100 millions worldwide). A hookah (shisha or waterpipe) is a single or multi-stemmed instrument that has been used for smoking various flavored substances, such as cannabis, tobacco and opium, for centuries, and is popular in the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian peninsula, Kenya, South Africa, Turkey, United States and Canada ( Shekhar and Hannah-Shmouni, 2020 ).…”

Section: Results and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review

Mallet

Dubertret

Strat

2021

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

126

116

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Background In the context of the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic, an up-to-date review of current challenges in addictions is necessary. While large scale disasters may have an impact on substance use and addictions, the use of some substances is also likely to modify the risk of COVID-19 infection or course. Many countries have imposed lockdowns. Whether this quarantine or the end of lockdown measures will have an impact on substance use is discussed. The aim of this review is to gather knowledge for clinicians and to guide public health policies during/after lockdown. Methods PubMed was reviewed in August 6th (2020), to determine the current evidences and observations concerning the addictions and SARS-CoV2. We used all the names of the severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2 previously 2019 nCoV), the name of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and common substances of abuse. For the physiopathological parts, searches were conducted using key words such as “infection” or “pneumonia”. For the lockdown effects, key words such as “quarantine”, “disaster” or “outbreak” were used. Results Overall, pathophysiological data showed an increased risk of infections for individuals with Substance Use Disorders (SUD) and a possible protective role of nicotine. During lockdown, there is a substantial risk of increasing SUDs. Individuals with opioid use disorder are particularly at risk of relapse or of involuntary withdrawal. After lockdown, increase of use may be observed as far as years after. Individuals with addictions are at higher risk of multimorbidity and mortality during COVID outbreak. Conclusion This review describes useful strategies in clinical practice, including a systematic assessment of addiction comorbidity during this almost worldwide lockdown/pandemic. This review also highlights important areas for future research.

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Section: Results and Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review

Mallet

Dubertret

Strat

2021

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

126

116

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“…Recently, with reference to the "cytokine storm" associated to COVID-19, certain cannabinoids have also been discussed as potentially useful in this context, based on immunomodulatory properties associated to cannabinoids; however, the available evidence is exclusively from the preclinical area and does not allow any conclusions regarding potential effects of cannabinoids in the context of acute viral infections (156).…”

Section: Cannabinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relevance of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Review of the Literature

et al. 2020

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Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic people are facing risks of adverse health effects due to the restrictions implemented such as quarantine measures, reduced social contact, and self-isolation. In this qualitative review, we collected data on potential preventive and therapeutic health benefits of Complementary and Integrative Medicine (CIM) that might be useful during the COVID-19 pandemic. We have reviewed the scientific literature to summarize CIM practices that could be beneficial for improving physical and mental health and well-being of the population under the current pandemic circumstances. It must be noted that this review is not SARS-CoV-2 specific and we explicitly do not intend to make any SARS-CoV-2 specific health claims in this article.Methods and Findings: A qualitative, non-systematic literature review was conducted in Medline to identify literature describing preventive and therapeutic CIM approaches for strengthening mental and physical health. For a variety of CIM approaches clinical evidence was identified, indicating beneficial effects. CIM approaches include specific dietary measures and selected micronutrients, physical activity, techniques from Mind-Body Medicine, single botanicals or botanical compounds, and spending time in nature among others. The effects of CIM measures on conditions like obesity and hypertension are of special relevance here, as these conditions are considered as risk factors for a severe course of COVID-19. Moreover, a possibly direct effect of CIM approaches on immune functions and clinical parameters in respiratory tract infections, such as influenza, were identified. The findings of this review could be helpful for clinicians, patients, and the general population during the current pandemic when discussing and/or considering CIM options.Conclusions: CIM offers a variety of preventive and therapeutic options for strengthening physical and mental resilience, which could also be useful in the current COVID-19 pandemic. The evidence of CIM approaches with a potential benefit in the COVID-19 pandemic in different areas is worth to be analyzed. While this qualitative review has several obvious limitations, it might serve as useful starting point for further research on this topic.

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“…In COVID-19 patients, high levels of (TNF)-α has been shown especially in patients requiring intensive-care-unit hospitalization (Perricone et al 2020 ). Similarly, activation of CB2 is also associated with intracellular pathways that tone down immune responses, thus making CB2 agonists like alkylamides good therapeutic agents in autoimmune diseases by suppression of antibody production through T cell mechanisms (Sexton 2020 ).…”

Section: N -Alkylamides As Immunomodulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Alkylamides from Natural Origin

Elufioye

Habtemariam

Adejare

2020

Rev. Bras. Farmacogn.

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Interest in alkylamide, as a class of compound, has grown tremendously in recent years. This interest is due to the many presumed benefits in food, cosmetics, and medicine. This review focuses on the different alkylamides naturally occurring in many plant species. Several methods have been employed for their identification as well as isolation and several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed their therapeutic effects in various diseases. In general, alkylamides have been reported to have several biological activities and pharmacological effects which include immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antiprotozoal activities. Moreover, many studies have reported on their mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity. We herein present an updated report on the chemistry and pharmacology of alkylamides of natural origin.

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Cannabis in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Yin and Yang of the Endocannabinoid System in Immunocompetence

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review

Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review

The Relevance of Complementary and Integrative Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Review of the Literature

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Alkylamides from Natural Origin

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