Cannabis dependence, cognitive control and attentional bias for cannabis words

Cousijn, Janna; Watson, Poppy; Koenders, Laura; Vingerhoets, W.A.M.; Goudriaan, Anna E.; Wiers, Reinout W.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.011

Cited by 67 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Interestingly, a prospective study also found that smaller OFC volumes at 12 y of age predicted initiation of marijuana use at 16 y of age (30). These effects on the OFC are not surprising given that the OFC is a primary region in the reward network, is enriched with CB1 receptors, and is highly implicated in addictive behaviors (23,24,31,32) such as those related to disruptions in motivation (33) and decision making (34,35). Whereas others have reported alterations in various CB1-enriched regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal, OFC, insula, and striatum, our findings are specific to the OFC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain

Filbey

Aslan

Calhoun

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

204

196

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Questions surrounding the effects of chronic marijuana use on brain structure continue to increase. To date, however, findings remain inconclusive. In this comprehensive study that aimed to characterize brain alterations associated with chronic marijuana use, we measured gray matter (GM) volume via structural MRI across the whole brain by using voxel-based morphology, synchrony among abnormal GM regions during resting state via functional connectivity MRI, and white matter integrity (i.e., structural connectivity) between the abnormal GM regions via diffusion tensor imaging in 48 marijuana users and 62 age-and sex-matched nonusing controls. The results showed that compared with controls, marijuana users had significantly less bilateral orbitofrontal gyri volume, higher functional connectivity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) network, and higher structural connectivity in tracts that innervate the OFC (forceps minor) as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA). Increased OFC functional connectivity in marijuana users was associated with earlier age of onset. Lastly, a quadratic trend was observed suggesting that the FA of the forceps minor tract initially increased following regular marijuana use but decreased with protracted regular use. This pattern may indicate differential effects of initial and chronic marijuana use that may reflect complex neuroadaptive processes in response to marijuana use. Despite the observed age of onset effects, longitudinal studies are needed to determine causality of these effects.MRI | orbitofrontal cortex | functional connectivity | resting state fMRI | diffusion tensor imaging

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain

Filbey

Aslan

Calhoun

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

204

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Greater attentional bias to cannabisrelated stimuli has been noted in chronic cannabis users (96)(97)(98)(99)(100)(101)(102) and during acute intoxication in individuals with lower CBD/THC ratios in hair (102). There are no studies of abstinent users after cessation of use, which may be a particularly important target for future research to strengthen the efficacy of treatment programs aimed at maintaining abstinence.…”

Section: Attentionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Impaired performance may depend on extent of prior exposure, route of administration, dose delivered, and blood cannabinoid concentrations at baseline and after dosing (89). With regard to the chronic effects of cannabis, numerous studies reported null findings in case-control comparisons (46,54,66,81,95,98,110,111), whereas several others found cannabis-related deficits in heavy users (53,78,83,112), including adolescents (113), early-onset but not late-onset adult users (114), and older users (57), and associated with persistent use in a longitudinal study (60). Impaired executive function was evident despite intact performance on other cognitive tasks (48,82) and associated with self-reported problems related to cannabis use (115).…”

Section: Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human Cognition—A Systematic Review

Broyd

Hell

Beale

et al. 2016

Biological Psychiatry

516

381

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Cannabis use has been associated with impaired cognition during acute intoxication as well as in the unintoxicated state in long-term users. However, the evidence has been mixed and contested, and no systematic reviews of the literature on neuropsychological task-based measures of cognition have been conducted in an attempt to synthesize the findings. We systematically review the empirical research published in the past decade (from January 2004 to February 2015) on acute and chronic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids and on persistence or recovery after abstinence. We summarize the findings into the major categories of the cognitive domains investigated, considering sample characteristics and associations with various cannabis use parameters. Verbal learning and memory and attention are most consistently impaired by acute and chronic exposure to cannabis. Psychomotor function is most affected during acute intoxication, with some evidence for persistence in chronic users and after cessation of use. Impaired verbal memory, attention, and some executive functions may persist after prolonged abstinence, but persistence or recovery across all cognitive domains remains underresearched. Associations between poorer performance and a range of cannabis use parameters, including a younger age of onset, are frequently reported. Little further evidence has emerged for the development of tolerance to the acutely impairing effects of cannabis. Evidence for potential protection from harmful effects by cannabidiol continues to increase but is not definitive. In light of increasing trends toward legalization of cannabis, the knowledge gained from this body of research needs to be incorporated into strategies to minimize harm. Review Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabinoids on Human Cognition-A Systematic ReviewSamantha J. Broyd, Hendrika H. van Hell, Camilla Beale, Murat Yücel, and Nadia Solowij ABSTRACT Cannabis use has been associated with impaired cognition during acute intoxication as well as in the unintoxicated state in long-term users. However, the evidence has been mixed and contested, and no systematic reviews of the literature on neuropsychological task-based measures of cognition have been conducted in an attempt to synthesize the findings. We systematically review the empirical research published in the past decade (from January 2004 to February 2015) on acute and chronic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids and on persistence or recovery after abstinence. We summarize the findings into the major categories of the cognitive domains investigated, considering sample characteristics and associations with various cannabis use parameters. Verbal learning and memory and attention are most consistently impaired by acute and chronic exposure to cannabis. Psychomotor function is most affected during acute intoxication, with some evidence for persistence in chronic users and after cessation of use. Impaired verbal memory, attention, and some executive functions may persist after prolonged abstinence, but persistenc...

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“…Recent behavioral studies suggest that this is also the case in CUDs: confrontation with cannabis or related objects and contexts (i.e., cues) can trigger craving (e.g., Gray et al, 2011;Lundahl and Johanson, 2011), capture their attention (attentional bias; e.g., Cousijn et al, 2013b;Asmaro et al, 2014), and activate approach tendencies (approach bias; e.g., Field et al, 2006;. In addition, cognitive control-related functions like planning, organizing, problem 86 | solving, decision-making, and working-memory appear to be impaired in individuals with a CUD (Fernandez-Serrano et al, 2011).…”

Section: Motivational and Control Processes In Cannabis Use Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of CUDs, we can only speculate about the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying CUDs, let alone understand why depression and anxiety disorders are associated with CUDs. Cognitive control deficits and malfunctioning of the underlying fronto-parietal brain networks may be shared between all three disorders, posing a general risk factor for the development of CUDs, depression and anxiety disorders (Koob and Volkow, 2010;Weir et al, 2012;Cousijn et al, 2013b;Bruhl et al, 2014;Peterson et al, 2014). In contrast, motivational processes within specific emotional and rewarding contexts may differentiate disorders.…”

Section: Embracing Comorbidity As a Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%