Cannabis abuse and addiction: A contemporary literature review

Iyalomhe, Godfrey B. S.

doi:10.4314/njm.v18i2.45050

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The importance of this subject has generated the publication of 43 reviews on cannabis consumption and occurrence of psychotic symptoms or psychosis (Amar & Potvin, 2007; Arseneault et al, 2004; Barkus & Murray, 2010; Casadio, Fernandes, Murray, & Di Forti, 2011; Degenhardt & Hall, 2002, 2006; Drewe, Drewe, & Riecher-Rössler, 2004; D’Souza et al, 2009; Fergusson, Poulton, Smith, & Boden, 2006; Fernández-Artamendi, Fernández-Hermida, Secades-Villa, & García-Portilla, 2011; Fiorentini et al, 2011; Ghodse, 1986; Hall & Degenhardt, 2002; Hall, 2004, 2006; Hasleton, 1972; Hauschild, 1971; Iyalomhe, 2009; Johns, 2001; Kalant, 1972; Kolliakou, Fusar-Poli, & Atakan, 2012; Large, Sharma, Compton, Slade, & Nielssen, 2011; Leweke, Gerth, & Klosterkötter, 2004; Leweke & Koethe, 2008; Luzi et al, 2008; McLaren, Silins, Hutchinson, Mattick, & Hall, 2010; Minozzi et al, 2010; Negrete, 1988; Roncero et al, 2007; Semple, McIntosh, & Lawrie, 2005; Sewell et al, 2010; Sim, Khong, & Hulse, 2004; Smit, Bolier, & Cuijpers, 2004; Stone, 1973; Thornicroft, 1990; Tunving, 1985; Verdoux & Tournier, 2004; Weiser & Noy; 2005; Wilson & Cadet, 2009; Zammit et al, 2008), 24 of which in Europe (Arseneault et al, 2004; Barkus & Murray, 2010; Casadio et al, 2011; Drewe et al, 2004; Fergusson et al, 2006; Fernández-Artamendi et al, 2011; Fiorentini et al, 2011; Ghodse, 1986;…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis consumption and psychosis or schizophrenia development

Ortiz-Medina

Perea

Torales

et al. 2018

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Objective: Cannabis consumption produces psychopathology, in some cases psychotic episodes, which are of our interest in this work. However, the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis has not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this work are to (1) review the current state of knowledge on the association of cannabis use with the risk of the development of psychosis or psychotic symptoms in people without schizophrenia and (2) assess the consistency of the hypothesis that cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis in people without schizophrenia. Method: This work included research done in humans until May 2018 with the keywords ‘cannabis’ and ‘psychosis’, published in English and Spanish, in the PubMed database. Results: In all, 66 papers were analyzed, of which 23 were cohort trials and 43 were reviews. Conclusion: Cannabis use doubles the risk of developing psychosis in vulnerable people. There even exists a relationship regarding the dose used and the age of first use. Gene–environment interactions that modulate the association between cannabis use and the presence of psychosis have also been described.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis consumption and psychosis or schizophrenia development

Ortiz-Medina

Perea

Torales

et al. 2018

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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“…The widespread use of cannabis is an important public health issue. The consequences of cannabis consumption are well documented, and there is a broad consensus regarding its short-term negative impact in areas like driving, work and academic performance, and even social and family interaction [4]. Chronic cannabis consumption has also been associated-although not with such a high degree of consensus-with certain cognitive dysfunctions in areas like perception, reaction time, learning, memory and concentration, which may lead to more serious damage affecting social skills and emotional control [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Styles and Cannabis Consumption Prediction in Young People

Herruzo

Pino

Lucena

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Given that risk perception has been found to be both a vulnerability and a protective factor with respect to consumption, the objectives of this study were to find out whether there exist specific patterns of risk perception associated with cannabis use and, if so, how they relate to cannabis consumption and to the sources of information on drugs accessed by young people. An ex post facto study was carried out with 1851 young Andalusians aged 18 to 29, using an adaptation of the Andalusian Government “Andalusian Population versus Drugs” survey. For the first objective, a cluster analysis was carried out in which three perceptual style groups were formed: “Strict”, “Permissive-Awareness” and “Lax”. Cannabis use in the “lax” group was found to be 14.31 times more frequent than in the “strict” group and 2.75 times more frequent than in the “permissive-awareness” group. A logistic regression analysis was also performed, which correctly predicted 80.4% of users and non-consumers. Correlation was found between perceptual styles and the sources of information used about drugs. This study identified three different risk perception styles that heavily correlated to cannabis consumption and to the type of sources young Andalusians use to obtain information about drugs, suggesting the need for a change in preventive policy.

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“…Acute intoxication includes euphoria and disinhibition, injected eyes, mydriasis, mild blood sugar extremities, fine tremor, impaired thinking and concentration, obsessions, delusions and hallucinations, delirium, panic, psychosis, and lack of coordination, disorganized thinking, tachycardia, and orthostatic hypotension [ 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 ]. The severity of these acute symptoms depends on the administration route, intravenous administration of THC leading to more severe symptoms than inhaled administration, but on the administered dose as well [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. Overdose deaths without additional drug use are very rare [ 106 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse

et al. 2023

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Aim. Drug abuse and addiction are major public health concerns, with millions of people worldwide affected by the negative consequences of drug use. To better understand this complex issue, a review was conducted to examine the mechanisms of action and effects of drugs of abuse, including their acute and chronic effects, the symptoms of abstinence syndrome, as well as their cardiovascular impacts. Methods. The analyzed data were obtained after surveying an electronic database, namely PubMed, with no time limit, grey literature sources, and reference lists of relevant articles. Results. The review highlights the different categories of drugs of abuse, such as opioids, stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and cannabis, and discusses the specific ways that each drug affects the brain and body. Additionally, the review explores the short-term and long-term effects of drug abuse on the body and mind, including changes in brain structure and function, physical health problems, and mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety. In addition, the review explores the effects of drug abuse on cardiovascular health, focusing on electrocardiogram changes. Moreover, the analysis of relevant literature also highlighted possible genetic susceptibility in various addictions. Furthermore, the review delves into the withdrawal symptoms that occur when someone stops using drugs of abuse after a period of chronic use. Conclusion. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on drug abuse and addiction. The findings of this review can inform the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address this critical public health issue.

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Cannabis abuse and addiction: A contemporary literature review

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Cannabis consumption and psychosis or schizophrenia development

Cannabis consumption and psychosis or schizophrenia development

Perceptual Styles and Cannabis Consumption Prediction in Young People

Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse

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